Management students have to comprehend the knowled

butterfly effect, the phenomenon of frogs,Nike Shox Butikk, crocodiles rule, catfish effect, herding, hedgehog rules, watch law, broken windows theory, twenty-eight law, barrel theory , Matthew, which is something you understand?
1, the butterfly effect: the 1970s, an American meteorologist named Lorenz system theory in the interpretation of wind, said the Amazon rain woods a butterfly wings occasionally vibration, perhaps two weeks would be caused by a tornado in Texas.
butterfly effect is that very small changes in initial conditions continue to enlarge afterward its hereafter status will cause a very huge inconsistency. Some small things can be confusing, and some small things such as amplified by the system, then an organization, a nation is very important, can not be muddled.

2, frog phenomenon: a frog into peppery water directly into the boiler, because of its detrimental reactions are very sensitive environment, will rapidly jump out the kettle appearance. If you put a frog into a boiler of cold water and slowly heated, the frog will not quickly jump out the pot, the water temperature gradually increased the final result is to be boiled frog is dead, because the water temperature so high that the frog can not stand, it has too late, or that there is no ability to jump out the pot appearance.
frog phenomenon tells us that a number of mutation events, they often cause people to alert, and prone to cause people to death but it is in the feel-good case, the gradual deterioration of the tangible situation, there is no explicit detection.
3, crocodiles rule: its intent is to imagine that a crocodile bite your feet if you hand to try to break your foot, crocodile will bite your feet and hands. The more you struggle, it was the more bite. In the event that crocodile bite your feet, your only way is to mash one foot.
example, in the stock mart, crocodiles rule is: when you find yourself trading a departure from the instruction of the market, must stop immediately,Nike Shox NZ, without any tarry, shall not have any fortune.

4, catfish effect: In the quondam, sardines, low survival rate during transportation. After it was found that, if put in a sardine in a catfish, the situation is somewhat improved, the survival rate will be greatly enhanced. This is why it?
Had catfish in to a strange environment, will be small fish found in more than a This problem is solved oxygen sardines, and sardines, will not die.

5, herding: sheep where to go, where to go behind the sheep to follow.
herding was first equity investment in a term mainly refers to the existence of investors in the transaction process of learning and sham phenomenon, the same stock.

6, hedgehogs rule: two somnolent hedgehog, as cold and owned attach. Because their body can have long thorns, so they left some distance, but can not stand the cold, then get attach. After a catena of two hedgehog eventually found a appropriate distance: both get each other's lukewarm and will not be binding.
hedgehog law mainly refers to interpersonal relationships in the

7, watch Law: Law is a watch with a chart, you can know it is a few minutes, and when he has two not being proficient to determine. Two tables and can not tell a more accurate time, so they will watch the people lose confidence in accurate time.
see law in commerce management gives us a very intuitive inspiration, is the same person or an organization can not use two different usages, can not set two different goals, and even each individual can not two people to simultaneously directive, or will the business or personal wastage.

8, broken windows theory: a house if the windows broke, no one to fix, soon separated, other windows will be broken somehow; a wall, if some of the graffiti has not been cleansed, Soon, the walls covered with a mess, unsightly thing; a very clean place, people are embarrassed to taking out the trash, but once on the ground with garbage appears, people will not hesitate to dart, did not feel ashamed .
9, twenty-eight law (Pareto's law): the late 19th early 20th century Italian economist Pareto that in anyone team of things, the most important and only a small part, almost 20%, Although a cloud of the remaining 80%, but it is secondary. About 80% of social asset is condensed in the hands of 20%, when 80% of people with only 20% of the social asset. This statistical imbalance in the social, economy and life everywhere, this is the Pareto rule.
Pareto rule tells us, do not average to analyze, process and look at the issues, business and management to collar the crucial few; to find out who can provide 80% of the profits, but only 20% of the total opener clients to enhance services to accomplish a multiplier effect; business governors to work seriously on the classification inquiry, are the principal energy to solve the cardinal problem, focus on major projects.

10, barrel theory: the essay of the board whether the barrel length of lacking, then the bucket including water is not dependent on the longest chip of wood, but on the shortest piece of lumber .
11, Matthew:
sociologists derive from the
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1, the logic
bird cage hanging bird trap in a beautiful room, the most famous place, had not a few days, the employer will make one of the following two options: throw away the cage, or purchase a bird cage on the back. This is the logic cage. The process is simple, assume you are the owner of the room, at all times people entered the room and saw the cage, it will not help but ask you: reserve off birds. Cage rational reason is simple: most of the time is to take the inertia of preoccupied. So seen in the life and work amplify plausible preoccupied is very important.

2, broken window effect
psychology research on a phenomenon called the will somehow be broken; a wall, if only cleansed some graffiti, and soon, the wall covered with a muff, unsightly entities. A very clean area, people will be entangled catching out the trash, yet once on the floor with waste appears, people will not hesitate,Nike Shox Menn, did not feel humiliated. This is really a very strange phenomenon.
psychologists study is the bad in the end.
everything bad, if necessary stop off at the opening, the formation of culture, change can get rid, if the creek bank, a small breach is not timely repair, dams can collapse, causing the loss of millions of times.
crime is actually the result of disarray, the New York City in the 1980s when the rush is really everywhere, every daytime do not kill, wading in the avenue in spacious daylight to be terrified of. Mention the metro, automobile sordid, nasty words plastered everywhere, sitting on the metro, feel insecure. Although I have not been looted, but the professors have been in broad sunshine, struck a note Sap, blind, from the end of his research vocation, so I speak about Tiger color for many years, not lonely to New York. New York metropolis and the metropolis recently heaved a lot of reputation, I am quite startled that a city has been sinking, can flee from the dead, to improve.
So when I went out to encounter, met a criminologist, immediately to him for counsel, the native New York City is the last book with a broken window effect in terms of the theory, first to cultivate the guilty environment in which it is not easy crime, and then slowly Hyde Budao return to order. Although this approximate was
been branded as slow, handcuffed in a row standing on the platform, open to the public declaration of the government's decision to rectify, and found very telling.
police found that people really do not contrast the situation in a clean crime, also found that gripping Riders rewarding, because each of those seven had a fare evasion was wanted, twenty names have a carry weapons, so Police are compliant to grasp evasion very seriously, which makes criminals not fare evasion, did not defiance go out with weapons to avoid more damage than good, escapes scampers the hazard. This New York City, from the smallest, easiest place to begin, breaking the crime ring coalition (necklace), so this vicious cycle can not continue
3, diffusion of responsibility effect
1964 年 3 月 13 日夜 3 时 20 分, outside an dormitory in New York before a man labeled Juno younger than white women between the end of the bar on the way home from work manslaughter. When she cried in despair: When everything is calm, the killer returned to guilt. When she screamed,Nike Shox OZ, the beside residents and opened the lights, the attackers then fled. When she has nothing to do, go back to their home upstairs, the killer once again in front of her, kill her on the stairs. In the process, even whereas she hurrahed for help, her neighbors, by least 38 to the window to watch, but no 1 to rescue her, no an even called the police. This occasioned a stir in New York society, but likewise attracted the attention of social psychologists and musing. It is thought a colossal number of bystanders omitting the phenomenon known for diffusion of responsibility effect.
because the diffusion of duty efficacy the formation of the reasons a lot of experimental psychologists and examine results found that: this phenomenon tin not fair mention everyone's callous, or moral decay of the performance increased. Because on different occasions, acts of aid that folk really are different. When a human in one emergency location, if only he can invest assist, he would apparently aware of their responsibilities, assistance to the martyrs. If he refused to generate feelings of crime, feelings of guilt, which requires paying a high psychological price. If the presence of so many people, the responsibility as questing help from the people to share, resulting in fragmentation of duty, the responsibility of each person to share very few beholders and even that may no even his own sense of a responsibility not to produce an How to destroy this location, this namely a psychologist going on an important publish.

4, Parkinson's Law
renowned British historian North Goode Parkinson via long-term research, write a book cried In his paperback, agent workers explained the reasons for and consequences of inflation: an incompetent official, may be 3 ways, premier is the applying for resignation, the seat give capable people; second is to permit a capable person to assist their work; third date of two levels lower than they were when the gopher. This premier direction is absolutely Zou Bude, for that would lose many rights; second way can not work, because that would be learned of their competitors; seems that only a third way maximum appropriate. As a result, 2 ordinary assistant sharing his work, he is high above orders, they will not pose a menace to their rights. Since the inability of two assistants, they are profession the shots, then two extra for his inability to ascertain an assistant. So on, to fashion a bloated, overstaffed, wrangling with each other, inefficient leadership system.

5, the halo effect
outstanding Russian scholastic giant Pushkin Zengyin role halo effect suffered a great handle. He was fanatically in love with is called the Natan Li looks surprising, but with different outlet sub-Puhi Kim Ji. When the time to write poetry Pushkin read to her time. She always said, clutching his ears: duel death, so a scholastic star fall headlong. In Pushkin, a smart female is leap to have excellent knowledge and noble persona, however, is not the circumstance, a phenomenon known as the halo effect.
so-called halo effect, that is, interpersonal communication, people who museum the characteristics of a particular aspect,Nike Shox Turbo, cover the other features, resulting in interpersonal cognitive disorders. In daily life, For example, some older people to young people's individual shortcomings, or clothe, habits and hate, they think they must have good for nothing; some young people a thing about the affection of friends, you will see him everywhere cute, so-called The halo effect is a sweeping subjective psychological presumption, the misdeed is: First, it is easy to grasp the individual characteristics and habits of individual shove and general, as Mangrenmoxiang as a point on benefit of the face; second It is not intrinsically correlated to some identity or physical specifics associated with, the assertion that such features are bound to have other characteristics; Third, it definitely said yes to entire, that bad on entire the negative, which is a utter domination by the proclivity of subjective bias. In short, the halo effect is the interpersonal relationships in a great psychological impact on people with cognitive impairment, we have contacts to try to avoid and surmount the side effects of the halo effect.

6, Hawthorne effect (Hawthorne effect)
a psychological experimenter effect. 1920s and 1930s, U.S. researchers at the Chicago Western Electric Company Hawthorne factory's working conditions, social factors and narratives of production efficiency experimenter effect found in experiments, said the Hawthorne effect.
first phase of the experiment in November 1924 from the starting of the working conditions and productivity of the relationship between the test group and control group. Results regardless of increase or control illumination in the experimental group yields are rising, and the same illumination output of the control group also increased. In increase, tests of the wages paid, the coffee break period, the width of everyday and weekly number of days of work and other elements, these conditions can not penetrate a straight impact on production efficiency. The second phase of the trial along the U.S. Mayo led Harvard professor, focuses on social ingredients and the relationship between product efficiency, and found that production efficiency is primarily caused by the experimenter in the morale has suffered tremendous changes. Participate in the trial of the operators were placed in special studio researchers led by their social conditions changed, been a material of care, creating a feeling of participating in the trial, that he is an important part of the corporation, so employees From a social point of view aspects are stimulated to promote increased production.
This effect tells us that when students or their attention or attention by the public, the study and would greatly increase the efficiency of communication. Therefore, in our daily lives to learn to get forward with others, understand what kind of behavior is approved by students and teachers and gratitude, and we can only live and learn and continually increase their good behavior, it may be more people's attention and appreciation, but also can make our learning progress, full of confidence!

7, learned helplessness learned helplessness effects of experimental
earliest Ofer Kashmir and Xili Krugman found later in beast and people studies have been warmhearted discussed. Simply put, many experiments show that trained dogs can cross the barriers or engage in other behavior to avoid the impact the experimenter joined to it. However, if the dogs are not expected (do not know when to come) and can not be controlled by electric impact (such as interruption of electric shock or not does not rely on the dog's behavior), when the dog was a accident to escape electric shock, they become was incapable to escape. Moreover, the dogs also showed other failings, such as frustration and depression, reduced motivation and so on.
dog show why this situation is deserving early in the experiment learned a sense of helplessness. In other words, they recognize that no matter what their own can not control the termination shock. In each experiment, the shock is canceled under the control of the experimenter, and the dog will recognize their inability to change the external control, to learn a sense of helplessness.
person who had learned helplessness, has become a deep despair and woe. Therefore, we should learn and life in their eyes open a tiny and see the real events back the determinants do not make our own despair.

8, the witness's memory
witness, in our comprehending of where, usually to provide some objective evidence, that is his own witness and hear to speak out honestly what people. However, psychological research shows that the proof of many witnesses are not very exact, or that is a private preference, with private views and awareness.
witness testimony of their confidence and their testimony can not determine the accuracy of the results of this study is amazing. Mrs fees can be special and psychologist Howard Springs determined to make this conclusion more in-depth research. In order to investigate whether the testimony of witness something special, they will witness's memory and the memory of general knowledge were compared.
they allow to be shown a short video is about the kidnapping of a girl. The afterward day, to answer some of the content of the movie in answer, and asked them to narrate their own level of confidence to answer, then do a recognition memories test. Next,Nike Shox R5, using the same method, the content of fashionable literature from the encyclopedia and general knowledge of selected issues.
and the same happened before, Perot fees can be special and Howard Springs also found that the accuracy of the witness on the memories of those confident of their answers were in fact no better than those who do not have confidence greater, but For general knowledge, the situation is not the case, people with high confidence in memories of people who score better than the absence of confidence.
people in the general knowledge of the strengths and disabilities with self-knowledge. Therefore, tend to modify their test results for the reassurance scale. General perception is a database, is shared between individuals, it has recognized the correct question, subjects can weigh themselves. For sample, people will know the issue of if in sports or about better than others. However, the accident witnessed the impact from such self-knowledge. For example, on the whole, than others, they are unlikely to understand the participants in the memories of the incident in hair color better or aggravate.

9, Rosenthal Rosenthal effect
American psychologist, who in 1968 conducted a famous experiment. Them to a basic co-optation in the three sixth grade classes of children production a fuss of the In fact, this catalogue is not resolved according to test results, but randomly selected. It is based on Eight months after, intelligence tests and found again on the list of the general correction in student finishing, teachers also gave them nice moral conduct reviews. This experiment has achieved amazing results, it is considered by teachers to students the subtle psychological effects, so that teachers expect students to achieve the progress of the phenomenon, known as the Pygmalion (Pygmalion was the throne of Cyprus in Greek mythology, he produced the sculpture of a girl love for his ultimate appetite to make this statue into a real person, the two attach to).
educational practice also shows that: if a teacher like some of the students, they will have high expectations, after a period of time, students feel the teachers care, love and encouragement; constantly a positive attitude towards teachers, towards learning and towards their actions, students become more self-esteem, confidence, self-love, self-induce a positive enthusiasm, these students constantly expect teachers to acquire progress. In contrast, teachers who are ignored, distinguished opposition students from the teacher's talk over time, behavior, facial statements feel the teacher's requirements; these students often worse day by day, and finally become the bad ingredients of society. Despite some exceptions, but the trend is that, while it also sounded the agitate for teachers.

10, false share discrepancy (false consensus bias)
we commonly believe that our love is the same with most people. If you like to activity microprocessor games, then it is possible to overestimate the number of people favor microcomputer games. You will usually overestimate the students to vote for their favorite numbers, overestimate their own group's honor and leadership, and so on. This overestimation of your behaviors and opinions have the same favorite number of features is called the Some factors that may influence your share of this disloyal bias strength:
(1) When an external attribution was stronger than inner attribution;
(2) current action or memorabilia when a person is very important;
(3) When you are quite sure of their point of view, or believe namely when;
(4) When your status know next to nothing ofme variety of customary life and studying are intimidated;
(5) When it comes to a assured the quality or personality;
(6) When you and other people as when they are alike.