butterfly achieve, the phenomenon of frogs, crocodiles rule, catfish achieve, herding, hedgehog rules, watch law, broken windows theory, twenty-eight law, lumber tub theory, Matthew, which is something you understand? -
1, the butterfly effect: the 1970s, an American meteorologist named Lorenz system theory in the interpretation of climate, said the Amazon rain forest a butterfly wings sometimes vibration, possibly two weeks can cause a hurricane in Texas. -
butterfly effect is that very small changes in initial conditions continue to amplify after its hereafter status will cause a very huge feud. Some small things can be confusing,
Air Max Skyline, and some small things such as amplified by the system, then an union, a country is very important, can not be disturbed. -
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2, frog phenomenon: a frog into peppery water directly into the boiler, because of its adverse reactions are very perceptive environment, will fast jump out the pot outside. If you put a frog into a pot of cold water and slowly heated, the frog will not swiftly jump out the pot, the water temperature gradually increased the final outcome is to be boiled frog is dead, because the water temperature so high that the frog can not stand, it has too late, or that there is no competence to jump out the pot outside. -
frog phenomenon tells us that a number of evolution events, they often cause people to alert, and prone to cause people to death but it is in the feel-good case, the gradual deterioration of the tangible situation , there is no explicit detection. -
3, crocodiles rule: its ambitious is to presume that a crocodile bite your feet if you hand to try to break your foot, crocodile will bite your feet and hand. The more you skirmish, it was the more bite. In the event that crocodile bite your feet, your only way is to sacrifice one foot. -
example, in the stock market,
Men's Air Max 95, crocodiles rule is: when you find yourself trading a departure from the intention of the market, must stop immediately, without any lag, shall not have any fortune. -
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4, catfish effect: In the past, sardines, cheap survival rate during transmission. After it was found that, if put in a sardine in a catfish, the situation is somewhat improved, the survival rate will be greatly enhanced. This is why it? -
had catfish in to a strange context, will be ; and sardines found in more than a This problem is solved oxygen sardines, and sardines,
Nike Air Max Shoes, will not die. -
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5, herding: sheep where to go, where to go behind the sheep to follow. -
herding was first equity investment in a term mainly refers to the subsistence of investors in the transaction process of learning and imitation phenomenon, led them in a certain period of time trading the same stocks. -
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6, hedgehogs rule: two idle hedgehog, as chilly and owned attach. Because their body can have long thorns, so they left some distance, but can not stand the cold, then get attach. After a series of two hedgehog finally found a appropriate distance: both get every other's lukewarm and will not be fastening. -
hedgehog law chiefly refers to interpersonal relationships in the -
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7, watch Law: Law is a watch with a table, you tin know it is a few minutes, and while he has 2 no creature able to decide. Two tables and can not acquaint a extra exact time, so they will watch the human lose reassurance in accurate period. -
watch law in business management gives us a very intuitive inspiration, is the same person or an organization can not use two different methods, can not set two different target, and even each individual can not two people to simultaneously mandate, or will the business or private loss. -
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8, broken windows theory: a house if the windows broke, no one to repair, soon separated, other windows will be broken somehow; a wall, if there is some graffiti not be bathed, and soon, the walls covered with a mess, unsightly thing; a very clean place, people embarrassed taking out the trash, but once on the ground with garbage appears, people will not hesitate to throw , did not feel ashamed. -
9, twenty-eight law (Pareto's law): the late 19th early 20th century Italian economist Pareto that in any group of things, the most essential and only a small portion, about 20%, however a great many the remaining 80%, but it is secondary. About 80% of social asset is condensed in the hands of 20%, while 80% of people with only 20% of the social wealth. This statistical imbalance in the social, economic and life everywhere, this is the Pareto rule. -
Pareto rule tells us, do not mean to examine, process and look at the issues, commerce and management to collar the decisive few; to find out who can invest a 80% profit , but only 20% of the absolute opener purchasers to improve services to fulfill a multiplier effect; commerce governors to work seriously on the category thinking, are the principal stamina to solve the main problem, converge on important projects. -
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10, barrel theory: the combination of the embark if the barrel length of missing, then the bucket involving water is not dependent on the longest chip of wood, but on the shortest piece of wood. -
11, Matthew: , and be taken away 。
sociologist bring an end to ... from the -
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1, Cage logical -
a beautiful bird trap hanging in the chamber where the most famous place, a few days, the owner will make one of the following two options: throw away the cage, or buy a bird imprison on the back years. This is the logic cage. The process is simple, assume you are the employer of the room, at a time people entered the room and saw the cage, it will not help but ask you: reserve off birds. Cage plausible reason is simple: most of the time is to take the inertia of preoccupied. So seen in the life and work develop plausible meditative is very important. -
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2, broken window effect -
psychology research on a phenomenon called the If there are some graffiti is not cleansed, and soon, the walls covered with a mess, unsightly asset. A very clean place, people will be mortified catching out the trash, but once on the ground with garbage appears, people will not hesitate, did not feel ashamed. This is really a very curious phenomenon. -
psychologists study is the bad in the end. -
everything bad, if necessary stop off at the opening, the formation of mores, change can get rid, if the rill bank, a small breach is not timely repair, dams can breakdown, causing the wastage of millions of times. -
crime is really the outcome of muddle, the New York City in the 1980s when the rush is actually everywhere, each day do not kill, hiking in the avenue in broad sunshine to be fearful of. Mention the subway, car sordid, dirty words plastered everywhere, sitting on the subway, feel insecure. Although I have not been looted, but the professors have been in broad sunshine, struck a note Sap, blind, from the end of his research career, so I speak about Tiger color for many annuals, not alone to New York. New York metropolis and the city recently heaved a lot of dignity, I am quite surprised that a city has been sinking, can escape from the die, to cultivate. -
So when I went out to encounter, met a criminologist, immediately to him for counsel, the incipient New York City is the last book with a broken window effect in terms of the theory, first to improve the criminal environment in which it is not easy crime, and then slowly Hyde Budao return to order. -
Although this approach was
been branded as slow, handcuffed in a row standing on the platform, open to the public manifestation of the government's determination to amend, and base quite forcible. -
police found that people really do not compare the position in a clean crime, also found that grasping Riders rewarding, because each of those seven had a fee evasion was ambitioned, twenty names have a carry weapons, so Police are compliant to grasp evasion very seriously, which makes culprits not fee evasion, did not dare go out with weapons to avoid more harm than good, escapes scampers the hazard. This New York City, from the smallest, easiest place to begin, breaking the crime ring junction (fetter), so this vicious wheel can not persist -
3, diffusion of responsibility effect -
1964 年 3 月 13 日夜 3 时 20 points, outdoor of an room in New York ahead a male labeled Juno youth women than white bar by the end of the course family from work among the assassination. When she cried in despair: When everything is tranquility, the killer returned to offense. When she screamed, the nearby residents and opened the lights, the attackers then fled. When she has nothing to do, go behind to their home upstairs, the killer once anew in front of her, kill her on the stairs. In the process, even though she shouted for aid, her neighbors, at least 38 to the window to watch, but not one to liberate her, not one even phoned the police. This caused a stir in New York society, but also attracted the attention of social psychologists and thinking. It is considered a colossal digit of bystanders neglecting the phenomenon known for diffusion of duty effect. -
for the diffusion of responsibility effect the formation of the reasons a lot of experimental psychologists and examine results found that: this phenomenon can not just mention everyone's heartless, or moral decay of the performance increased. Because on different occasions, deeds of aid that people really are different. When a person in an emergency situation, if it were not for he can provide help, he would clearly conscious of their responsibilities, assistance to the sufferers. If he refused to produce feelings of crime, feelings of guilt, which requires paying a high psychological cost. If the presence of so many people, the responsibility for questing help from the people to share, resulting in fragmentation of responsibility, the responsibility of each person to share very few beholders and even that may not even his own sense of a responsibility not to produce an How to break this situation, this is a psychologist working on an important issue. -
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4, Parkinson's Law -
well-known British historian North Goode Parkinson through long-term research, write a writing called In his book, agent personnel explained the reasons for and consequences of inflation: an incompetent official, may be three ways, first is the application for resignation, the seat give capable people; second is to grant a competent person to help their work; third assignation of two levels lower than they were when the assistant. This first way is indeed Zou Bude, because that would lose many rights; second way can not go, because that would be capable of their opponents; seems that only a third way most proper. As a result, two mediocre assistant sharing his work, he is high upon orders, they will not posture a menace to their rights. Since the inability of two assistants, they are vocation the shots, then two more for his inability to find an assistant. So on, to fashion a bloated, overstaffed, wrangling with each other, inefficient leadership system. -
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5, the halo effect -
famous Russian literary gigantic Pushkin Zengyin character halo effect underwent a magnificent handle. He was fanatically in love with is called the Natan Li looks prodigious, but with differ aisle sub-Puhi Kim Ji. When the time to jot verse Pushkin read to her time. She forever said, clutching his ears: duel decease, so a scholastic star fall prematurely. In Pushkin, a beautiful matron is leap to have great wisdom and noble character, however, is not the circumstance, a phenomenon known as the halo effect. -
so-called halo effect, that is, interpersonal communication, people who museum the specifics of a particular aspect, cover the other features, resulting in interpersonal cognitive disorders. In daily life, For example, some older people to young people's individual failings, or wear, habits and dislike, they think they must have good for nothing; some young people a thing about the admiration of friends, you will see him everywhere cute, so-called The halo effect is a sweeping subjective psychological assumption, the peccadillo is: First, it is cozy to grasp the individual specifics and habits of individual move and general, as Mangrenmoxiang as a point on behalf of the face; second It is not intrinsically correlated to some identity or physical characteristics related with, the declaration that such features are bound to have other characteristics; Third, it definitely said yes to always, that bad on always the negative, which is a absolute domination by the proclivity of subjective bias. In short, the halo effect is the interpersonal relationships in a great psychological impact on people with cognitive impairment, we have contacts to try to avoid and surmount the side effects of the halo effect. -
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6, Hawthorne effect (Hawthorne effect) -
a psychological experimenter effect. 1920s and 1930s, U.S. researchers at the Chicago Western Electric Company Hawthorne factory's working conditions, social elements and relations of making efficiency experimenter effect found in experiments, said the Hawthorne effect. -
premier phase of the experiment in November 1924 from the starting of the working conditions and productivity of the relationship between the test group and control group. Results regardless of increase or control illumination in the experimental group yields are rising, and the same illumination output of the control group also increased. In counting, tests of the wages paid, the coffee wreck time, the width of everyday and weekly number of days of work and additional factors, these conditions can not discern a direct impact on production efficiency. The second period of the trial by the U.S. Mayo led Harvard professor,
Women's Air Max 2003, focuses on social factors and the relationship between production efficiency, and found that production efficiency is mainly caused by the experimenter in the spirit has undergone colossal changes. Participate in the trial of the employees were placed in special lab researchers led by their social conditions changed, been a material of care, creating a feeling of participating in the trial, that he is an important part of the company, so workmen From a social point of view aspects are motivated to subserve additional production. -
This effect tells us that when students or their attention or attention by the public, the study and would greatly increase the efficiency of communication. Therefore, in our daily lives to learn to get onward with others, understand what kind of behavior is adopted by students and teachers and gratitude, and we can only live and learn and continually increase their good behavior, it may be more people's attention and appreciation, but also can make our learning progress, full of confidence! -
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7, learned helplessness experiments -
earliest effects of learned helplessness Xili Krugman Ofer Kashmir and found later in beast and people studies have been warmhearted argued. Simply put, many experiments show that trained dogs can cross the barriers or agree in other behavior to shirk the impact the experimenter added to it. However, if the dogs are not expected (do not know when to come) and can not be controlled by electric shock (such as interruption of cordless shock or not does not depend on the dog's behavior), when the dog was a contingency to flee electric shock, they become was unable to flee. Moreover, the dogs also showed other defects, such as frustration and depression, depressed motivation and so on. -
dog show why this situation is due early in the experiment learned a sense of helplessness. In other words, they recognize that no matter what their own can not control the termination shock. In each experiment, the shock is canceled beneath the control of the experimenter, and the dog will recognize their inability to change the outer control, to learn a sense of helplessness. -
person who had learned helplessness, has become a deep despair and sorrow. Therefore, we should study and life in their eyes open a mini and see the real events backward the determinants do not make our own despair. -
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8, the witness's memory -
witness, in our understanding of where, usually to provide some objective testify, that is his own witness and hear what people who speak out honestly. However, psychological research shows that the testimony of many witnesses are not very accurate,
Air Max 180, or that is a private preference, with personal views and awareness. -
spectator proof of their confidence and their testimony can not determine the accuracy of the results of this study is surprising. Mrs fees can be special and psychologist Howard Springs determined to make this conclusion more in-depth research. In order to investigate whether the testimony of spectator something special, they will witness's memory and the memory of general perception were compared. -
they make are shown a short movie is about the kidnapping of a girl. The afterward day, to answer some of the content of the video in question, and asked them to tell their own level of confidence to answer, then do a recognition memory test. Next, using the same method, the content of renowned literature from the encyclopedia and general knowledge of selected issues. -
happened before and, like Perot fees can be special and Howard Springs also found that the accuracy of the witness on the memories of those confident of their answers were in truth no better than those who do not have confidence greater, but For general knowledge, the situation is not the case, people with high confidence in memories of people who score better than the absence of confidence. -
people in the general knowledge of the strengths and disabilities with self-knowledge. Therefore, tend to adjust their test results for the confidence scale. General knowledge is a database, is shared between individuals, it has recognized the correct reply, subjects can fathom themselves. For sample, people will know the issue of whether in amusements or virtually better than others. However, the event witnessed the impact from such self-knowledge. For example, on the entire, than others, they are unlikely to know the participants in the memory of the incident in hair color better or worse. -
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9, Rosenthal effect -
American psychologist Rosenthal,
Air Max 2, who in 1968 conducted a famous experiment. Them to a primary voting in the three sixth grade classes of babies production a fuss of the In fact, this menu is not insistent along to test results, but randomly chose. It is based on Eight months later, intelligence tests and found again on the list of the general promotion in student completion, teachers also gave them good moral behaviour reviews. This experiment has achieved miraculous results, it is considered by teachers to students the shrewd psychological effects, so that teachers expect students to achieve the progress of the phenomenon, known as the Pygmalion (Pygmalion was the throne of Cyprus in Greek mythology, he produced the statue of a girl love for his ultimate desire to make this sculpture into a real person, the two catch on). -
educational practice likewise shows that: whether a instructor like some of the students, they will have tall expectations, afterward a duration of time, students feel the teachers care, adore and encouragement; constantly a assured viewpoint towards teachers, towards studying and towards their actions, students transform more self-esteem, confidence, self-love, self-induce a positive enthusiasm, these students often expect teachers to obtain progress. In contrast, teachers who are ignored, discriminated against students from the teacher's discourse over time, behavior, facial statements feel the teacher's requirements; these students often worse day along daytime, and eventually convert the bad ingredients of society. Despite some exceptions, yet the trend is that, meantime it too sounded the alarm for teachers. -
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10, false share discrepancy (false accordance bias) -
We ordinarily believe that our love is the same with most people. If you like to play microprocessor games, then it is likely to overestimate the number of people like microprocessor games. You will usually overestimate the students to poll for their preference numbers, overestimate their own group's reputation and leadership, and so on. This overestimation of your behaviors and attitudes have the same predilection number of features is called the Some factors that may influence your share of this false bias strength: -
(1) When an external attribution was stronger than interior attribution; -
(2) the current behavior or accidents when a human is very important; -
(3) When you are very sure of their point of outlook, or deem that when; -
(4) When your status or some kind of natural life and learning are threatened; -
(5) When it comes to some kind of positive qualities or individuality; -
(6) When you and other people as when they are similar. -
I heard the antique , yet do no very know the
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