To treat dryness, you should moisturize the skin once or twice daily. Foot soaking is not necessary, and tends to dry out the skin even more by leaching vital oils. Avoid placing moisturizer in between toes, as this can increase the likelihood fungus will develop. If fungus does infect the foot skin, it will cause Athlete's foot. This condition creates redness and itching on the bottom of the feet or in between the toes, and needs medical treatment to destroy the invading fungus. Sometimes over-the-counter medication works well, and sometimes prescription medication is needed. Skin can also become thinner over time. Because of this, sores, scrapes, blisters or minor cuts may need medical attention as healing can take longer. The feet should be protected for this reason by wearing properly fitted shoes at all times.Corns and calluses are caused by pressure from bones as they squeeze overlying skin against your shoes or the ground. As we age, the natural fat pad in our feet slowly move and shrink, making bones more prominent.
Negative and Positive Reinforcement
Negative reinforcement is the removal of a stimulous or a decrease of the intensity of the stimulous which makes the behavior unlikely to reoccur. We've all done this with or children, whether we knew it or not. Your child has an annoying habit of flushing the toilet, or opening and shutting the refrigerator door. It usually takes something as easy as closing the bathroom door, or putting a baby-proof clip on the refrigerator. By doing these things, you are removing the stimulous
super sunglasses, thus changing the behavior.
There are four keys you must remember when using reinforcement. The first is Immediacy. The reinforcer must be given immediately after the the appropriate response. Otherwise, the child may not understand why they're getting the reward. Second is Deprivation. If your child gets suckers all the time, they're less likely to work for them. Thirdly there's size, make sure the size of the reward is worth your child's effort. If you slaved at work all day for a quarter would you stay? And contingency, meaning the reward must only be given if they have performed the target behavior. The reward has to be earned. This is tricky, because when beginning ABA you want your child to always feel successful. If you know that your child can perform the target task and they're not, that's when you start with contingency. If you've never seen your child draw a straight line and that's the target, do hand over hand, then reward them. Success is a motivator.
Imitation is obvious. If I say "do this" while clapping my hands, child claps their hands. Child may use vocal imitation as well. This is known as Echoic.
In Aba there are five basic ways of communication. A Mand is a request from the child for something they want or need.A mand can come from words, pictures,or signing. This is a natural reinforcement. When your child says, signs, or points to a picture of juice, this is manding. Throwing a juice cup at you is an inappropriate mand and this behavior must be changed.
In ABA there are so many techniques to teaching a target behavior. When using ABA
Oakley ######## 3 Fashion Myths About Guys Debunked_63, always remember to put yourself in the child's shoes and reassess what you're doing. The therapy is well worth the time and effort and very rewarding for all involved.
Receptive is my child's area of expertise. If I say it's time for your bath, he runs to the bathroom. Receptive language requires no vocals from the student. Another example is, "give me your shoes" and the child responds by handing you his shoes.
Initially you're going to be prompting constantly to teach the target behavior. Before handing your child a cup of juice, sign or say drink. If you're child isn't responding, say it again. The third time it is best to grab their hand and sign it for them. YAY! Now they get the consequence. They get their cup of juice. You've just made the child successful and taught manding with a full prompt.
Over time, you must fade the prompts just as you would when teaching a child to ride a bike. They must be allowed to do it on their own, or there is no progress.
Prompting
Positive reinforcement, is generally the opposite. Instead of removing, you are adding. If you're child receives an allowance, and five dollars is no longer a motivator, you add. Whether it be another big chore for a few dollars extra, or the same money combined with a 'special day' each week. You add to the motivation.
Manipulation
Feature, Function, Class
As your child gets the hang of things, and knows what they're doing, you're going to sometimes give partial prompts. When you're waiting for a mand of "juice", and there's a delay, sometimes help them to get their hands up without signing for them. They carry through the mand, and get the consequence. This can also be done in play. You say "give me the car". Child is looking around.Point to the car- do not grab it- and child gets the car.
Labeling an object by any of your senses is Tacting. When asking your child "what is that?", your child should respond "boat" by saying, signing or identifying the picture.
The Five Ways To Communicate
You have a ball, a hat, a cow, and a duck on the table. You say "hand me the item that is round", and the child gives you the ball. You've just taught feature. When asking for the item that keeps you warm, and you get the hat, you've taught function. If asking for a bird, and the child hands you a duck, then the child has learned it's class.
When using an object, always keep in mind it's FFC. For example if you're using a pair of scissors, the feature is sharp, function is cutting pieces of paper, and function is school supply. This is useful in ABA because you're able to teach these separately to the child.
In order to teach certain target behaviors, you must use manipulation. When teaching words such as when,where,what, and why, try hiding objects and asking questions which will result in the target response being used by the child. An example is hiding the ball under the bed. You say, " I put it over there". "What?" "the ball, I put the ball over there." "Where?" You can see how easy this is. Sometimes it is going to take forethought.
The ABC's of ABA
This causes a protective build-up of skin under our feet where the bone prominence lies, as well as on the tops of the toes that are contracted up against shoes. Softening corns and calluses with a daily moisturizer and using a pumice stone or file after showering will help smooth them out. Avoid medicated corn pads, as they can burn the surrounding healthy skin. More severe corns and calluses may require professional trimming and padding, or even surgery to correct the underlying bone prominence.Nails are also part of the skin. Over time, nails can become thickened, malformed, and discolored. This may be due to a nail fungus, which can also cause pain and nail lifting. Nail fungus is difficult to treat, and infected nails are difficult to trim by oneself. Options for treatment include a prescription pill, specially formulated topical oils, or toenail removal. The nails can also look abnormal due to bruising or other medical conditions which can mimic nail fungus.
If you wish to modify your child's behavior, you have to change yours. Aba can work for ANY child, not just special needs.Success with ABA is accomplished by a few key steps. Here are the ABC's.
What happens right before a behavior is known as the Antecedent. Then, you have Behavior, and finally the Consequence. For example, the television is too noisy (antecedent), you turn the volume down (behavior), the noise is gone (consequence). Another example is holding up a piece of gum, child says gum, child gets gum. This gum is a motivator for the child to speak. To put it plainly, you must find what the child is most interested in. If your child's been eating cookies all day, they're not going to be motivated by a cookie! You have to find motivators and deprive the child of them in order for that object to remain a motivator.