Parthenon

Parthenon Acropolis in the Greek capital Athens, the ancient castle located in center of limestone hills standing up there with a towering rectangular buildings, the temple stands on the highest point of the Acropolis, which is in the world Art treasures of the famous Parthenon. After the temple two thousand years of vicissitudes of change, and now the temple roof has collapsed, the statue disappeared, relief severe erosion, but stand tall colonnade, the temple can be seen that the luxuriant year. Parthenon Acropolis of Athens the most important of the main building. Parthenon Athena, the name of the alias for Parthenon, the Greek Παρθενωσ transliteration, meaning Parthenon also translated as
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name of the profile name engraved inside the main architectural appearance of the visual correction of vision correction because the history of decorative features embossed legend of the temple of Athena won the city of Pana section too is precision instrument than the modern restoration not on hand for the historical role of the temple name carved coat
Parthenon
Parthenon English name: Parthenon Temple Greek name: Πρ? σθετο? να?? γεωργ? α? χαρτομ? νδηλων (also known as the Greek temple, is also translated as the Parthenon, the Parthenon, the Temple Patti Lennon) Introduction to the main body of the main building of the Acropolis, in order to praise the victory of Athens over the Persian invaders built. The architects designed the temple staircase ik Connaught (lctinus) and Michael Carrick Little (Callicrates) of the Parthenon is the largest temple dedicated to the goddess Athena, the Parthenon intent of the Virgin, is the Athena alias. Not only the size of the most magnificent temple, located in the highest point of the Central Acropolis, the temple also kept one full of gold inlaid ivory Greek goddess Athena, the tallest (Phidias how to make). It began the construction of 447 BC, 9 years after the temple ceiling, and another 6 years after the completion of the carving, 1687, destroyed by war, now the only remaining traces. Rectangular appearance of the Parthenon, the temple has front hall, main hall and back hall. Temple base covers an area of ​​23,000 square feet, half a football field, 46 up to 34 feet of marble columns hold up the temple. Parthenon
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The design of the Parthenon of Greece on behalf of the whole architecture of the highest level. From the looks of view, it is bearing remarkable, brilliant, extremely detailed process also fine. It is based on the tradition and made many innovations, unavoidably are better, thus becoming the greatest example of ancient architecture of the for. It took eight Doric-style columns, something both sides are eight columns, north and south sides are 17, 31 meters from east to west, north to south and 70 meters. East and west facades (all temple facade) gable at the top of the ground 19 meters away, that is, its facade
Parthenon
height and width ratio of 19 to 31, close to the Greeks Loved the Column 10.5 meters high, nearly 2 meters in diameter column base, that is, its aspect ratio more than 5, than the Victorian pillar Archaic period (three Greek orders in classical architecture in the most simple one) usually 4 to 1 a lot of height to width ratio, a corresponding pillar Qi long Xiuting some. This reflects the Victorian pillar to the general trend of the ancient norms. Ming Pate life for the Athens Parthenon Athena, the patron saint of the Festival Hall was built. Temple back east, stands on the steps at Layer 3, Yu-chieh, the pillars, the buildings Lou eaves, over decorated relief, spectacular. The temple by the cutting of a groove 46 surrounded by marble columns. Rico Pan Pacific white marble color, and the relative quality of the island of Paros marble for the slightly rough, so here Paros marble sculpture only use, smooth and flawless texture of it is particularly valuable. Between the marble columns and 92 block with the house wall, carved with a variety of lifelike statues and exotic animals. There are two main hall of the temple: Temple Festival Hall and the woman, from the temple front door into the festival can be the house of women riding the back door into the temple can be. The word wall in the east a group of relief, engraved with the goddess of wisdom Athena, Zeus, king of gods from the birth of a vivid pattern header; in the west wall were the words carved painted Athena and Poseidon striving patron saint of Athens scene. Legends battle she and Poseidon the city. Zeus decided: Who can give a useful thing humanity, the city on who should. Poseidon with his trident to tap the city of rock, broken stone out of a horse, which is the symbol of the war; Athena with her a bit long to knock the rock, the rocks grow an olive tree, which is believed to be a symbol of peace. Result, this city belongs to Athena, since she became the patron saint of Athens. Athens is named for Athena. Sculpture festival on the waist outside the house of Athena, engrave the grand festival parade: a cheerful young, beautiful girls,
Parthenon sculptures
dial piano musicians, sacrificial animals and the principal the priests. Pat Lennon in the temple, was originally dedicated to up to 12 meters with a statue of the goddess Athena. Statue design smart, you can move or transfer concealed. Image is like this; she stood, leaning to the long shoulder, shield on the side, right hand holding a gold and ivory carving of the god of victory; gold made helmet, breastplate, color, luxurious robes steady, ivory carving face, hands and feet, arms showing soft colors, precious stones inlaid eyes sparkling lights ... ... sculptors in the works is completed, will be handed at the time of the most distinguished painter in the hands, because he believes that add religious statues. This from the ancient Greek sculptor Phidias's greatest artistic treasures produced fine, in AD 146, was Eastern Roman Emperor abducted, lost at sea. According to Roman times is now only a small rough imitation of her heroic imagination. Pat Lennon temple after several natural disasters, earth is really experienced the vicissitudes of life. 393 AD it was converted into the Christian Church. In the period of Turkish rule, it became the Temple of Islam. Venetian army shelled the year 1687, the castle, the Turks exploded explosives stacked in the temple, the temple roof and wall of the house all Zhata. Early 19th century, the British ambassador in Constantinople Elgin, employing artisans, the performance of the giant marble relief of Athena MULTIPURPOSE Images stolen. These rare treasures, some broken in the process of saw cutting damaged, some were killed and sunk by Mariners, the surviving British and French are still on display in the museum and other countries. Half of the 19th century, the temple had been partially repaired, but has been unable to restore the original appearance, is left only a shell of Li Shi Zhulin. Within the temple's interior, only to follow the practice of Dorian column, a very simple arrangement, but also a prominent theme, solemn grandeur. The same general temple, palace was divided into before and after the two, front office placed statues, placed after the stock offerings and property. Placement of the Parthenon's vestibule made of gold with Phidias carved ivory Athena, Colossus, up to 12 meters. To complement this respect Colossus, lobby bar with two layers of Victorian columns and rear left and right around the colossus. Deck roof, next to the open air corridors, but bring out the Colossus tall, and their canopies Ministry also greatly simplified, and not only the amount of three-Long Fang board and between boards.
As the Parthenon
in front of the door until it was a blank, did not mention any debris, but dug in close to the Colossus of a rectangular pool at the base, the use of reflective pool of water comes from the door the sun, so that spangle the Colossus more magnificent. And the lobby is separated after the library is a real treasure, used to store the Athens Sea Union states paid tribute payments. ############## carved front grille, the Treasury supported by four pillars, but the Ionic column is not used by Victorian-style lobby. States to adapt the alliance in this regard are mainly the case of the Ionian region, but also reflects a major temple of design features, that preached by Pericles capacity of the body in one of two columns. Corrected visual style of the Parthenon in particular pay attention to This vision correction in the previous column in the Victorian has been noted, such as the reduction in the column body to kill it is. In the Parthenon Parthenon in

, this correction to play to the point where every possible way. According to the research, as many as many as 10 such correction. For example, the temple is the cornerstone of the straight edges to be slightly corrected, the central slightly higher than the ends, but looks closer to a straight line, to avoid the purely caused by blunt straight and stiff. Accordingly, the Department also made minor adjustments eaves. Arranged in columns, but also not all vertical side by side, something both sides of the eight columns, only the central two truly perpendicular to the ground, the rest are slightly tilted to the Central; corner columns and the distance between adjacent columns than the Central the distance between the two columns are smaller and more sturdy pillar (bottom diameter of 1.944 m, instead of the other pillars of the 1.905 m). The reasons for the visual correction of the reasons for this treatment, the corner columns at the outside a light background, the background of its Yu Zhuzi dark walls, the human visual habits will post the same size seen in thick dark background, light at is smaller, the visual correction is to the exact opposite of the light pole at the bold, looks in agreement. Similarly, the pillars of the smaller ##############, the groove is more. Gable is not absolutely vertical,five fingers, but slightly introverted, so an observer standing on the ground there is a sense of tilting wall stand. Reliefs and statues decorating the lateral tilt, to facilitate the audience. And so that it is cumbersome, artists, designers and craftsmen spent this time and energy is even greater. Can still be seen from the vicissitudes of the Temple and the superb subtle signs of correction effect, this is really a miracle of civilization. Decorate the ornaments, have been pillars of the outer lobby is Victorian style, but the frieze is not among the three Long board and board, but decorated with an Ionic-style belt, in order to relief the people of Athens to celebrate the performance of large Athena Festival event. This relief extends to the north and south with both sides of the porch wall, bypass a week, even as one. Total length of 160 meters, more than 500 characters. It is the first major relief in the temple of Athens citizens directly on the performance of people and real social activities, their ideas are bold and unprecedented, and reflects the Democracy in the further development after the war between Greece and Persia. Parthenon in Classical Architecture's becoming a model,Juicy bikini women, not only because of its architecture, its sculpture is more important. Athena Colossus did not exist now, according to the description of the ancients, it is indeed child wood, gold inlaid ivory only play the role, probably with ivory skin, dressed arms are attached to gold. Such a precious statue is usually small, made it to Athens, 12-meter-high monster, nothing more than filling in order to show the wealth of Athens. Relief features exquisite temple relief and rich without its statue of Asia. 160 m-long piece of relief with one fell swoop, the spirit of lively, action figures perfect, has long been considered a masterpiece of Greek relief. It is a performance-Athena Day parade big theme of the first image of the ordinary citizens openly out in the temple on top. Held every 4 years, this great march west from Athens Di Fu Long City, and then through the pottery district, across the market, and finally boarded the Acropolis. The core of the procession is to carefully weave the Athens Junior dedicated to Athena, a new gown. Artists in the 160 m long relief just for the performance of gowns from the parade began to offer the whole process. Starting point on the southwest corner of the temple, the people here to prepare the performance of citizens across the saddle horse, and then in the long performance of the south wall and north wall of the citizens of the procession, which mounted the main young citizens. Wall in the north and south eastern corner, the procession began to approach the temple entrance, that people have reached the end point, the sacred Acropolis, relief of the content changed by the cheering and solemn silence, walked leisurely pace of the boys in the gradually towards the Acropolis Centre.
Relief the end of the Parthenon sculptures straight
access door in the temple, where special arrangements for the chair to watch the parade of you god, means that the gods are invited to come and Athens celebrating the festive season. Relief in the existing, still can see the Seven Wonders of the Relief Department. Especially the youth of Athens riding a large segment of the procession relief, whether it is a horse head or a former executive Ben Saddles reins of youth, both natural portrait of angry discontented. Person's body, the movement of horses and flying skirts are handled just right. Strenuous exercise and high spirits among the dignified and elegant and full of beauty. More valuable is the image of hundreds of people and horses that no one is the same. They have momentum moving forward jump, gallop, pause, proudly, saddle and other actions, not to mention face stature, personality and other differences of temperament. The relief is like a magnificent symphony. In contrast, girls are slowly relaxed with a quiet dignified, elegant classical charm, later described it as a Girls, or alone or go hand in hand, there are guidelines for older men on their instructions. Fine as silk thread through the folds, the artist's composition originally handled monotonous brilliance over the wall, highlighting the girls quiet and loving demeanor and solid fit and shape, they have to behave like a cylindrical tactile generally straight, so that Relief comes with a raging from the north and south sides of the parade from the hustle and bustle of a turn to when the pious and solemn homage Rudian. Temple of the 92 inter-board relief, the use of myths and legends of the Greeks and the alien story of struggle and victory for the subject matter, is probably the analogy between Greece and Persia, That life and death of war. As between the plates is square, each engraved with a relief only to fight the general picture. In addition to the Parthenon, the Acropolis, a small building the size of the other two are small, each has its own characteristics. As the only entrance to the Acropolis guarded hall is not stressed, and only pay attention to image. Temple was built in the history of the temple 447 years BC, was officially opened in 438 years BC, through the resistance is too big Pana section dedicated to Athena. Pana-resistant section is too important festival of Athens, during the festive season, often held in sports competition, dance activities and through patrolling the city until the temple. Patrolling activities, the most distinctive is: a girl from the city of Athens has been woven into a wool robe hung on a ship's main mast, the ship was carried in carts, so that slowly moved towards the temple, wool robe final is dedicated to Athena. Followed by the festival, dedicated to the goddess the sacrifice of cattle or sheep. The choice of animal is extremely important, it must be strong, healthy, no bruises and no defects. In a number of pottery unearthed there are many scenes of ritual, the only strange thing is killing animals is always a scene is omitted. Victims who were piled the bones and fat burning on the altar, it is important from
Parthenon
the smoke that rises must rise above the statue, so that God can fully enjoy the offerings. This ritual is clearly a very special way, according to legend was the invention of Prometheus, the victim in the division, he induces Zeus select the part of meat, bones and oil, meat will be left to humans. Parthenon Greek architecture and sculpture during the heyday of the main representative, a 5 mid-century, the temple was changed to Christ Church, statue of Athena was removed. Athens 1458 after the Turks occupied the temple into a mosque. Venetian war with the Turks in 1687 when fire struck a powder keg inside the temple, destroyed the temple in the middle. 1801-1803, the British aristocrat Lord Elgin of the sculptures will be away most of the residues, the loss is most severe. Many formerly temple of antiquity, now scattered in the British Museum, the Louvre, Copenhagen and other places. Half of the 19th century, the temple had been partially repaired, but has been unable to restore the original appearance, is left only a shell of Li Shi Zhulin. Legend of legends Athena Athena won the city competition for the city and Poseidon. Zeus decided: Who can give a useful thing humanity, the city on who should. Poseidon with his trident to tap the city of rock, broken stone out of a horse, which is the symbol of the war; Athena with her a bit long to knock the rock, the rocks grow an olive tree, which is believed to be a symbol of peace. Result, this city belongs to Athena, since she became the patron saint of Athens. Athens is named for Athena. Pago Pago that too is a festival that people are too resistant to an important section of the Athens Festival, during the festive season, often held in sports competition, dance activities and through patrolling the city until the temple. Patrolling activities, the most distinctive is: a girl from the city of Athens has been woven into a wool robe hung on a ship's main mast, the ship was carried in carts, so that slowly moved towards the temple, wool robe final is dedicated to Athena. Followed by the festival, dedicated to the goddess the sacrifice of cattle or sheep. The choice of animal is extremely important, it must be strong, healthy, no bruises and no defects. In a number of pottery unearthed there are many scenes of ritual, the only strange thing is killing animals is always a scene is omitted. Victims who were piled the bones and fat burning on the altar, it is important to be smoke rising from here to rise above the statue, so that God can fully enjoy the offerings. This ritual is clearly a very special way, according to legend was the invention of Prometheus, the victim in the division, he induces Zeus select the part of meat, bones and oil, meat will be left to humans. Not compare with modern precision equipment repair hand in 2008, supported by the Greek government and the EU Parthenon restoration program has entered to 33 years, Europe and world-class archaeologists,asics kinsei 2, architects, civil engineers and craftsmen are into the restoration project, but many are still plagued by modern scholars. In 1975, the Greek government funding $ 23,000,000 for the repair of the Parthenon, Engineering Command are expected to be completed within ten years they can. However, the repair process problems they anticipated. For example, the architects replaced with new marble and marble pieces that are damaged, in order to speed up the progress of the project, engineers used a groove engraving machine. But for subtle patterns sculpture, the accuracy of this instrument is still not as skilled craftsmen of ancient, relief patterns need a pair of sharp eyes and grasp the handle in place. Temple carved out of coat for the person in charge of restoration Rees Chris Mano National Technical University of Athens Department of Architecture, Associate Professor of the Parthenon is also a major scholar. He spent a few years time to study each of the Parthenon's architectural details, he described that ancient Athens, 11 miles away from the quarry unearthed marble, polished into a stone pillar, then the total weight of a large wagon 10 million tons of marble columns delivered to the Central Acropolis, and one way or another pillars of the summit of the Acropolis hill. But Chris believes that more time and effort is the polished marble columns carved patterns and patterns. When the friction surface is marble temple of light, the craftsmen of carve precise lines, which makes a more calm and bright marble cover the surface defects. Chris said that this is the most difficult part of the whole project. In the great sculptor Phidias was under the supervision of temple carving is considered part of the world's best relief, a thickness of 5 cm, the fine detail is amazing. Historical role of the Parthenon was built in about 450 BC, it was the golden age of Athens. Statesman Pericles to create a civil democratic system later highly praised for the West; after all the Athenians had just led the Greek city-states defeated the Persian army, the Aegean coastal city each year nearly 200 eager to offer gold and silver in Athens - This has become an important building of the Parthenon source of funds. Parthenon entirely of white marble, shows the Athenians of their city's patron goddess Athena --- respected. Greek mythology, Poseidon Poseidon and Athena, goddess of wisdom, fight for the city of Athens, Zeus ruled: Who can give useful things, like Athens, the city who should be. Poseidon struck the rock with his trident, a horse out of the Pentium, a symbol of war; Athena struck the rock with his spear, the rock grow an olive tree, which is a symbol of peace. Athenians chose Athena, the temple will be dedicated to city's patron saint. Temple of God, respected not only means, but also embodies the seeds of democracy in Athens. In the temple there is a giant mural in Athens described the grand celebration of holiday, which means In addition, the project budget and expenditure have been carved in stone for the city-state citizen oversight. Atlas Atlas entry for more extended reading: 1
three Greek column
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