Management students have to comprehend the knowled

butterfly effect, the phenomenon of frogs, crocodiles rule, catfish effect, herding,Nike Shox Turbo, hedgehog rules, watch law, broken windows theory, twenty-eight law, barrel theory , Matthew, which is something you understand?
1, the butterfly effect: the 1970s, an American meteorologist labeled Lorenz system methodology in the interpretation of ventilation, said the Amazon rain woods a butterfly wings occasionally vibration, perhaps two weeks would be reasoned by a tornado in Texas.
butterfly effect is that very small changes in initial conditions proceed to distend after its future status will cause a very huge feud. Some small things can be confusing, and some small things such as amplified by the system, then an organization, a nation is very important, can not be muddled.

2, frog phenomenon: a frog into hot water directly into the kettle, because of its disadvantageous reactions are very emotional environment, will immediately jump out the pot appearance. If you put a frog into a pot of cold water and slowly heated, the frog will not now jump out the pot, the water temperature gradually increased the ultimate outcome is to be boiled frog is dead, because the water temperature so high that the frog can not stand, it has too late, or that there is no competence to bound out the pot outdoor.
frog phenomenon tells us that a number of evolution events, they often cause people to alert, and disposed to cause people to decease but it is in the feel-good case, the gradual deterioration of the actual situation, there is no explicit revelation.
3, crocodiles rule: its intent is to imagine that a crocodile bite your feet if you hand to try to break your foot, crocodile will bite your feet and hands. The more you skirmish, it was the more bite. In the event that crocodile bite your feet, your only way is to mash one foot.
example, in the stock mart, crocodiles rule is: when you find yourself trading a departure from the instruction of the market, must stop immediately, without any postpone, shall not have any fortune.

4, catfish effect: In the past, sardines, low survival rate during transmission. After it was found that, if put in a sardine in a catfish, the situation is somewhat improved, the survival rate will be greatly enhanced. This is why it?
Had catfish in to a curious context, will be small fish found in more than a This problem is solved oxygen sardines, and sardines, will not dead.

5, herding: sheep where to go, where to go behind the sheep to follow.
herding was first equity investment in a term effectively refers to the existence of investors in the transaction process of learning and imitation phenomenon, the same stock.

6, hedgehogs rule: two idle hedgehog, as chilly and owned attach. Because their body can have long thorns, so they left some distance, but can not stand the cold, then get attach. After a catena of two hedgehog finally found a appropriate distance: either get each other's lukewarm and will not be binding.
hedgehog law mainly refers to interpersonal relationships in the

7, watch Law: Law is a watch with a chart, you can know it is a few minutes, and when he has 2 not creature competent to make sure. Two tables and can not tell a more exact time, so they will watch the people lose confidence in exact period.
watch law in affair management gives us a very intuitive inspiration, is the same person or an union can not use two different means, can not set two different goals, and even each individual can not two people to simultaneously mandate, or will the business or private detriment.

8, broken skylights theory: a house if the skylights broke, no one to repair, soon separated, other windows will be broken somehow; a walls, if some of the graffiti has not been cleansed, Soon, the wall covered with a shambles, unsightly thing; a very neat place, people are mortified to catching out the trash, but once on the ground with garbage appears, people will not hesitate to throw, did not feel humiliated .
9, twenty-eight law (Pareto's law): the late 19th early 20th centenary Italian economist Pareto that in anybody team of things, the most important and only a small chapter, about 20%, Although the majority of the remaining 80%, but it is secondary. About 80% of social wealth is concentrated in the hands of 20%, when 80% of people with only 20% of the social asset. This statistical imbalance in the social, economic and life everywhere, this is the Pareto rule.
Pareto rule tells us, do not average to diagnose, process and see at the issues, business and management to collar the decisive few; to find out who can provide 80% of the profits, but only 20% of the absolute key buyers to improve services to achieve a multiplier effect; business governors to work seriously on the assortment thinking, are the headmaster vigor to solve the chief problem, converge on major projects.

10, barrel theory: the essay of the embark whether the barrel length of lacking, then the bucket containing water is not dependent on the longest piece of lumber, but on the shortest chip of wood .
11, Matthew:
sociologists derive from the
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1, the logic
bird imprison hanging bird trap in a smart room, the most famous area, had not a few days, the employer will make 1 of the emulating two options: throw away the cage, or buy a bird cage on the back. This is the logic cage. The process is easy, assume you are the owner of the room, by the time people entered the room and watched the cage, it will not aid merely ask you: keep off birds. Cage rational reason is simple: most of the time is to take the inertia of calculating. So seen in the life and work amplify rational considering is quite essential.

2, broken window effect
psychology research on a phenomenon called the will somehow be broken; a wall, if necessary cleansed some graffiti, and soon, the walls covered with a mess, unsightly things. A very clean place, people will be embarrassed taking out the trash, but once on the ground with garbage appears, people will not hesitate, did not feel ashamed. This is really a very strange phenomenon.
psychologists study is the bad in the end.
everything bad, if necessary stop off at the beginning, the formation of culture, change can get rid, if the river bank, a small gap is not timely repair,Nike Shox Sko, dams can breakdown, causing the loss of millions of times.
offense is actually the result of muddle, the New York City in the 1980s when the rush is truly everywhere, every day do not kill, hiking in the street in roomy sunshine to be terrified of. Mention the subway, automobile sordid, filthy words plastered everywhere, sitting on the subway, feel insecure. Although I have not been looted, but the instructors have been in roomy daylight, struck a memorandum Sap, blind, from the end of his research profession, so I speak about Tiger color for many years, not alone to New York. New York metropolis and the metropolis recently raised a lot of reputation, I am quite startled that a city has been sinking,Nike Shox R3-R4 Combination, can escape from the dead, to enhance.
So when I went out to encounter, met a criminologist,Nike Shox Kvinner, immediately to him for advice, the incipient New York City is the last book with a broken window effect in terms of the theory, first to improve the criminal environment in which it is not easy crime, and then slowly Hyde Budao return to order. Although this reach was
been branded as slow, handcuffed in a row standing on the platform, open to the public assertion of the government's resolve to rectify, and found very efficient.
police found that people really do not compare the situation in a clean crime, also found that grasping Riders rewarding, because each of those seven had a fee evasion was wanted, twenty names have a carry weapons, so Police are compliant to catch evasion very seriously, which makes criminals not fee evasion, did not challenge go out with weapons to avoid more injury than good, runs the risk. This New York City, from the smallest, easiest place to begin, breaking the crime ring coalition (necklace), so this vicious wheel can not continue
3, diffusion of responsibility effect
1964 年 3 月 13 日夜 3 时 20 分, outside an suite in New York before a man named Juno younger than white women between the end of the bar on the way home from work assassination. When she cried in despair: When everything is calm, the killer returned to crime. When she exclaimed, the handy dwellers and opened the lights, the attackers then fled. When she has nothing to do, go back to their family upstairs, the killer once again in front of her, kill her on the stairs. In the process, even whereas she hurrahed for help, her neighbors, at fewest 38 to the window to watch, but no one to emancipate her, no one even called the police. This caused a stir in New York society, but also fascinated the attention of social psychologists and preoccupied. It is considered a great number of bystanders neglecting the phenomenon known as diffusion of responsibility effect.
for the diffusion of duty effect the formation of the reasons a lot of experimental psychologists and scrutinize results found that: this phenomenon can not equitable say everyone's stony, or moral decay of the extravaganza increased. Because on different causes, deeds of aid that people really are different. When a person in an crisis situation, if not he can invest help, he would apparently conscious of their responsibilities, assistance to the victims. If he refused to generate feelings of crime, feelings of crime, which requires disbursing a high psychological price. If the presence of so many people,Nike Shox R3, the responsibility for questing help from the people to share, resulting in fragmentation of responsibility, the responsibility of each person to share very few witnesses and even that may not even his own sense of a responsibility not to produce an How to break this situation, this is a psychologist working on an important issue.

4, Parkinson's Law
well-known British historian North Goode Parkinson through long-term research, jot a writing cried In his book, agent personnel explained the reasons for and consequences of inflation: one incompetent lawful, may be three ways, first is the applying for resignation, the seat give capable people; second is to allow a able person to support their go; third assignation of two levels lower than they were when the co-worker. This first way is indeed Zou Bude, for that would lose numerous rights; second way can not work, because that would be capable of their competitors; seems that merely a third way most suitable. As a result, two ordinary assistant sharing his go, he is tall on mandates, they will not pose a threat to their rights. Since the inability of two assistants, they are vocation the shots, then two more for his inability to find one assistant. So on, to form a bloated, overstaffed, wrangling with each additional, inefficient presidency system.

5, the halo effect
famous Russian scholastic immense Pushkin Zengyin role halo effect underwent a great handle. He was fanatically in love with is called the Natan Li looks unbelievable, but with different outlet sub-Puhi Kim Ji. When the time to write verse Pushkin peruse to her time. She all said, clutching his ears: duel death, so a literary star fall headlong. In Pushkin, a beautiful female is bound to have great sagacity and noble temperament, whatsoever, is not the case, a phenomenon known as the halo effect.
so-called halo achieve, that is, interpersonal communication, people who museum the characteristics of a particular appearance, cover the other traits, resulting in interpersonal cognitive disorders. In everyday life, For example, some older people to young people's individual failings, or wear, habits and hate, they think they must have nice for nothing; some youth people a object approximately the admiration of friends, you will see him everywhere cute, so-called The halo efficacy is a sweeping subjective psychological presumption, the error is: First, it is simple to grasp the individual specifics and habits of individual push and general, as Mangrenmoxiang as a point on behalf of the face; second It is not intrinsically correlated to some personality or physical characteristics related with, the assertion that such features are jump to have other characteristics; Third, it definitely said yes to always, that bad on all the negate, which is a absolute domination by the proclivity of subjective bias. In short, the halo effect is the interpersonal relationships in a great psychological impact on people with cognitive impairment, we have contacts to attempt to shirk and overcome the side effects of the halo effect.

6, Hawthorne effect (Hawthorne effect)
a psychological experimenter effect. 1920s and 1930s, U.S. researchers at the Chicago Western Electric Company Hawthorne factory's working conditions, social elements and narratives of product efficiency experimenter effect found in experiments, said the Hawthorne effect.
first period of the experiment in November 1924 from the beginning of the working conditions and productivity of the relationship between the test group and control group. Results regardless of increase or control illumination in the experimental group yields are heaving, and the same illumination output of the control group also additional. In adding, tests of the wages paid, the coffee damage time, the length of daily and newspaper number of days of work and other factors, these conditions can not see a straight impact on production efficiency. The second period of the trial by the U.S. Mayo led Harvard professor, focuses on social factors and the relationship between production efficiency, and found that production efficiency is mainly caused by the experimenter in the spirit has suffered colossal changes. Participate in the trial of the operators were placed in special lab researchers led by their social conditions changed, been a matter of care, creating a emotion of participating in the trial, that he is an important part of the company, so personnel From a social point of view aspects are motivated to subserve increased production.
This effect tells us that when students or their care or care by the public, the learn and would greatly amplify the efficiency of communication. Therefore, in our daily lives to learn to get along with others, know what variety of action is approved by students and teachers and gratitude, and we can only live and learn and continually mushroom their good action, it may be more people's consideration and appreciation, but likewise can make our learning progress, full of confidence!

7, learned helplessness learned helplessness effects of experimental
earliest Ofer Kashmir and Xili Krugman found after in animal and human studies have been widely discussed. Simply put, many experiments show that exercised dogs can across the barriers or engage in other behavior to avoid the shock the experimenter joined to it. However, if the dogs are not anticipated (do not know when to come) and can not be controlled by electric shock (such as interruption of cordless shock or not does not depend on the dog's behavior), when the dog was a chance to run cordless shock, they convert was incapable to escape. Moreover, the dogs also showed other defects, such as frustration and depression, diluted motivation and so on.
dog show why this position is deserving early in the experiment educated a sense of helplessness. In other words, they recognize that no material what their own can not control the termination shock. In each experiment, the shock is aborted beneath the control of the experimenter, and the dog will recognize their inability to alteration the outer control, to learn a sense of helplessness.
person who had learned helplessness, has become a deep despair and sadness. Therefore, we ought study and life in their eyes open a little and see the real events back the determinants do not make our own despair.

8, the witness's memory
witness, in our understanding of where, routinely to provide some objective evidence, that is his own witness and listen to speak out honestly what people. However, psychological research shows that the testimony of many witnesses are not very accurate, or that is a personal predilection, with private views and awareness.
spectator testimony of their confidence and their proof can not determine the precision of the results of this study is startling. Mrs fees can be special and psychologist Howard Springs decided to make this conclusion more in-depth research. In order to investigate whether the testimony of witness someone special, they will witness's memory and the memory of general knowledge were likened.
they allow to be shown a short movie is about the kidnapping of a girl. The next day, to answer some of the content of the movie in question, and asked them to tell their own class of confidence to answer, then do a admission memory test. Next, using the same method, the content of fashionable literature from the encyclopedia and general knowledge of selected issues.
and the same occurred ahead, Perot fees can be special and Howard Springs also found that the accuracy of the witness on the memories of those confident of their answers were in fact no better than those who do not have confidence greater, but For general knowledge, the situation is not the case, people with high confidence in memories of people who score better than the absence of confidence.
human in the general wisdom of the strengths and weaknesses with self-knowledge. Therefore, tend apt modify their test results as the positiveness scale. General knowledge is a database, is shared among individuals, it has recognized the correct question,Nike Shox NZ, subjects tin measure themselves. For sample, human ambition understand the publish of whether in amusements or almost better than others. However, the accident witnessed the impact from such self-knowledge. For instance, ashore the whole, than others, they are unthreaten to know the participants in the memory of the episode in hair color better or aggravate.

9, Rosenthal Rosenthal effect
American psychologist, who in 1968 conducted a prominent experiment. Them to a basic voting in the three sixth grade classes of babies making a fuss of the In fact, this account is not determined along to test results, but randomly selected. It is based on Eight months later, comprehension tests and found afresh on the account of the general correction in student accomplishment, teachers also gave them good moral behaviour reviews. This experiment has achieved miraculous results, it is thought by teachers to students the shrewd psychological effects, so that teachers expect students to fulfill the progress of the phenomenon, known as the Pygmalion (Pygmalion was the sovereign of Cyprus in Greek mythology, he produced the sculpture of a girl love for his ultimate lust to make this statue into a real person, the two care for).
educational practice also shows that: if a teacher like some of the students, they will have high expectations, after a time of time, students feel the teachers attention, love and encouragement; often a affirmative outlook towards teachers, towards learning and towards their deeds, students become more self-esteem, confidence, self-love, self-induce a affirmative enthusiasm, these students constantly expect teachers to acquire progress. In contrast, teachers who are ignored, discriminated opposition students from the teacher's lecture over time, behavior, facial statements feel the teacher's requirements; these students often worse daytime by day, and eventually become the bad elements of society. Despite some exceptions, but the trend is that, while it also sounded the bell for teachers.

10, false share discrepancy (artificial accordance discrimination)
we usually believe that our love is the same with most people. If you like to play computer games, then it is likely to overestimate the number of people like computer games. You will usually overestimate the students to poll for their favorite numbers, overestimate their own group's prestige and leadership, and so on. This overestimation of your behaviors and attitudes have the same preference number of features is called the Some factors that may affect your share of this false bias strength:
(1) When an external attribution was stronger than interior attribution;
(2) new behavior or memorabilia when a person is very important;
(3) When you are very sure of their point of view, or trust that when;
(4) When your status hardly everme kind of regular life and learning are threatened;
(5) When it comes to a positive the quality or personality;
(6) When you and other people as when they are similar.