even-numbered shifted

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A function key is a key on a computer or terminal keyboard which can be programmed so as to cause an operating system command interpreter or application program to perform certain actions. On some keyboards/computers, function keys may have default actions, accessible on power-on.
A 102-key PC US English keyboard layout with the function keys in orange.
Function keys on a final may either generate short fixed sequences of characters, often starting with the escape persona (ASCII 27), or the characters they generate may be configured by sending special persona sequences to the terminal. On a standard computer keyboard, the function keys may generate a nailed, unattached byte code, outside the customary ASCII range, which is translated into some other configurable sequence by the keyboard device driver or interpreted instantly by the application program. Function keys may have (contractions of) default actions published on/besides them, or they may have the extra general "F-number" designations.
Function key schemes on assorted computer keyboards
Apple Macintosh: Early Mac OS supported system extensions known generally as FKEYS which could be installed in the System document and could be accessed with a Command-Shift-(number) keystroke composition (Command-Shift-3 was the screen occupy function included with the system, and was installed as an FKEY); however, early Macintosh keyboards did not support numbered function keys in the normal sense. Since the introduction of the Apple Extended Keyboard with the Macintosh II, however, keyboards with function keys have been obtainable, though they did not convert standard until the mid-1990s. They have not traditionally been a major part of the Mac user interface, however, and are generally only used on cross-platform programs. Current Mac keyboards include specialized function keys for controlling sound volume. The most recent Mac keyboards include 19 function keys, but keys F1-F4 and F7-F12 by default control features such as volume, media control, and Expos.
Apple Macintosh notebooks: Function keys were not standard on Apple laptop hardware until the introduction of the PowerBook 5300 and the PowerBook 190. For the most part, Mac laptops have keys F1 through F12, with pre-defined actions for some, including controlling sound volume and screen brightness.
Apricot PC/Xi: six unlabelled keys, each with a LED beside it which illuminates while the key can be used; above the keys is a fluid crystal displayhe 'microscreen'hat is used by programs to display the action fulfilled by the key.
Atari 8-bit kin (400/800/XL/XE): four dedicated keys (Reset, Option, Select, Start) at the right hand side or on the top of the keyboard; the XL models also had a Help key. Atari 1200XL had four appended keys labeled F1 through F4 with pre-defined actions, primarily narrated to cursor action.
Atari ST: ten parallelogram-shaped keys in a curtate row cross the top of the keyboard, inset into the keyboard border instead of popping up favor normal keys.
BBC Micro: red/orange keys F0 to F9 in a horizontal row above the number keys on top of the computer/keyboard. The crash, directional, and duplicate keys could function as F10-F15.
Coleco Adam: six black brown keys in a horizontal row above the number keys, labeled with Roman numerals I-VI.
Commodore VIC-20 and C64: F1/F2 to F7/F8 in a vertical row of four keys climbing downwards on the computer/keyboard's right hand side, odd-numbered functions accessed unshifted,Do you absence apt have your styling approach the heights, even-numbered shifted; orange, beige/brown, or grey key color, depending on VIC/64 model/revision.
Commodore 128: essentially same as VIC-20/C64, but with (grey) function keys placed in a horizontal row above the numeric keypad right of the main QWERTY-keyboard; also had Help key.
Commodore Amiga: ten keys arranged in a row of two 5-key groups across the top of the keyboard (flush with the ordinary keyboard top row); function keys are 1 times the width of ordinary keys. Like the Commodore 128, this also had a Help key.
Graphing calculators, particularly those from Texas Instruments, Hewlett-Packard and Casio, routinely contain a row of function keys with various preassigned functions (on a standard hand-held computer, these would be the top row of clasps beneath the screen). On low-end models such as the TI-83-series, these function mainly as an enhancement of the main keyboard, but on high-end calculators the functions change with the mode, sometimes performing as menu navigation keys as well.
HP 2640 catena terminals: first known instanceate 1970sf screen labeled function keys (where keys are placed in vicinity or mapped to labels on CRT or LCD shade).
HP 9830: f18 on two rows of four in upper left with periodical template label. Also on HP 2640 terminals. An early use of function keys (1972).
IBM 3270: early models had 12 feature keys in a 34 phalanx by the right of the keyboard,touch screen, after 24 in two rows aboard altitude of the keyboard.
IBM 5250: early models frequently had a "cmd" modifier key, by which the numeric row keys emulate function keys; later models have either 12 function keys in groups of 4 (with shifted keys acting as F13-F24), or 24 in two rows. These keys, according with "Enter,Jewelries That Goes Along With Everything," "Help," and several others, generate "AID codes," informing the host computer that user-entered data is ready to be peruse.
IBM PC AT and PS/2 keyboard: F1 to F12 usually in 3 4-key groups across the top of the keyboard (the aboriginal IBM PC and PC XT keyboards had function keys F1 through F10, in two contiguous vertical rows on the left hand side; F1|F2, F3|F4, ..., F9|F10, upwards downwards). Many modern PC keyboards also include specialized keys for multimedia and operating system functions.
MCK-142 Pro: two sets of F112 function keys, 1 above QWERTY and 1 to the left. Also, 24 additional user programmable PF keys situated above QWERTY keys.
Sharp MZ-700: blue keys F1 to F5 in a horizontal row across the top left side of the keyboard, the keys are vertically half the size of mediocre keys and double the width; there's also a dedicated 'slot' for changeable key legend overlays (paper/plastic) above the function key row.
VT-100 terminals: four function keys (PF1, Alt key[dubious consult]; PF2, help; PF3, menu; PF4, escape to shell) above the numeric keypad.
Action of function keys on various programs, operating systems
In the Mac OS up to Mac OS 9, the function keys could be configured by the consumer, with the Function Keys control plate, to start a program or run an AppleScript. Mac OS X assigns default functionality to F9, F10, and F11 (Expos); F12 (Dashboard); and F14/F15 (decrease/increase compare). On newer Apple laptops, all the function keys are assigned basic actions such as volume control, sunlight control, NumLock (since the laptops lack a keypad), and ejection of disks. Software functions can be used by holding down the Fn key while urgent the appropriate function key, and this scheme can be reversed by changing the Mac OS X system preferences.
Under MS-DOS, individual procedures could judge what each function key meant apt them, and the mandate line had its own operations (e.g., F3 copied to the new mandate prompt words from the previous command). Following the IBM Common User Access guidelines, the F1 key gradually became universally associated with Help in most early Windows procedures. To this day, Microsoft Office programs scampering in Windows menu F1 for the key for Help in the Help menu. Internet Explorer in Windows does no list this keystroke in the assist menu, yet still responds with a aid skylight. F3 namely usually used to stimulate a quest function in applications, often cycling through results on consecutive presses of the key. Shift+F3 is constantly accustom to quest backwards. Some applications such as Visual Studio assist Control+F3 as a manner of searching for the currently highlighted text elsewhere in a document. F5 is also commonly used as a activate key in many web browsers and other applications, while F11 activates the full screen/kiosk mode on most browsers. Under the Windows context, the Alt+F4 key is commonly used to leave alternatively near portions of one application. F10 generally activates the list bar, while Shift+F10 activates a environment menu. F2 is used in Windows Explorer, Visual Studio and additional programs to rename files or other items.
F4 is used in some applications to make the window "fullscreen".[citation needed]. In Microsoft IE, it is used to view the URL list of formerly viewed websites.
Other function key delegations common to all Microsoft Office applications are: F7 to retard spelling, Alt+F8 to cry the macros dialog, Alt+F11 to call the Visual Basic Editor and Shift+Alt+F11 to call the Script Editor. In Microsoft Word, Shift+F1 reveals formatting. In Microsoft PowerPoint, F5 starts the slide show, and F6 shakes to the afterward pane.
WordPerfect for DOS is an sample of a program that made massive use of function keys.
Function Keys are also heavily used in the BIOS interface. Generally during the power-on self-test, BIOS way tin be gained at hitting both a function key or the cancel key. In the BIOS keys can have another intentions depending on the BIOS. However, F10 is the de facto criterion for save and exit which saves entire changes and restarts the system.
References
^ Ignite-UX Administration Guide: for HP-UX 11.00 and 11i, Appendix D (Terminal Keyboard Shortcuts), Advanced Keyboard Navigation.
IBM/Windows keyboard (US layout)
v  d  e
Esc
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
F8
F9
F10
F11
F12
PrtSc/
SysRq
ScrLk
Pause/
Break
Ins
Home
PgUp
NumLk
/
*
-
Del
End
PgDn
7
8
9
+
4
5
6
1
2
3
Ent
0
.
v  d  e
Keyboard keys
Dead keys
Compose
Modifier keys
Control  Shift  Alt/Option (Apple)  AltGr  Command/Meta (Apple/MIT/Sun keyboards)  Windows  X  Super  Hyper  Fn (contract keyboards)
Lock keys
Scroll lock  Num lock  Caps lock
Navigation
Arrow  Page Up/Page Down  Home/End
Editing
Return/Enter  Backspace  Insert  Delete  Tab  Space bar
Misc.
System request/Print screen  Break/Pause  Escape  Menu  Numeric keypad  Function  Power treatment (Power, Sleep, Wake)  Language input  Any key  Macro key
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