tory burch ballet flats -Post-9-11 Afghan Democrac

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To start, the Bonn Conference in its own did not cater the ground because the democratization of Afghanistan. While the Bonn Agreement of 2001 acknowledged the right of the human of Afghanistan to freely decide almost their political future, it did not practically provide the Afghan people with the chance to democratically determine almost the future of their country. Ironically, the participants in the Bonn Conference were the representatives of Afghan opposing groups namely were nor democratically selected along the people of Afghanistan nor had legitimacy in manifold Afghan ethnic groups especially Pashtuns, Tajiks, Hazaras, and Uzbeks. Such a non-democratic mechanism paved the direction as the representatives of Afghan competing groups especially warlords to fully prevail the political power in post-9/11 Afghanistan. As a outcome, the internationally-sponsored Bonn Conference of 2001 accidentally provided each Afghan opposing team with a share of power in the political government of post-Taliban Afghanistan; whatsoever,ghd straighteners cheap, nor the multinational organizers of the Bonn Conference nor Afghan participating groups took democracy and the democratic right of the people of Afghanistan for an issue of central importance. ?
In increase to the Bonn Conference that non-democratically provided warlords with the exceptional opportunity to dominate political power in Afghanistan, during the implementation of the Bonn Agreement between the annuals 2001 and 2006 the dominance of warlords over permanent political institutions undisputedly proceeded. Despite the fact that during the Bonn Process the international community consistently attempted to reduce the power of warlords over national institutions, such efforts did not necessarily contributed to the end of warlordism and the success of democratization process in Afghanistan. Paradoxically, the international community entirely focused on counter-warlordism as the chief obstacle towards democratization process preferably than investing in institution-building process for the development of Afghan democracy. Not only the international community but also the government of Afghanistan in the course of the implementation of the Bonn Agreement was partial unsuccessful in building permanent institutions for the direction of institutionalizing democracy in Afghanistan. As a result of over-concentration of both the international community and the Afghan government on counter-warlordism,supra sale online, Afghan democracy not found the opportunity to be institutionalized between the annuals 2001 and 2006.
For example, the fraud-tarnished Presidential and Parliamentary elections of 2009 and 2010 have been two obvious examples of democratic deficit in the post-Bonn Process in Afghanistan. In these two elections, the transparency, credibility and inclusivity of the electoral processes were significantly undermined by the widespread fraud and corruption across the country. While in the post-Bonn Process the converge of the international community has shifted from the priority of the democratization of Afghanistan to counter-insurgency, the Afghan government has been over-confident in disbursing no attention to democracy. As a result, meantime the international community has failed to oblige the Afghan government in convening transparent and trustworthy elections in 2009 and 2010 to further building democratic institutions, Afghan democracy is seemingly far longer from the expectations of the people of Afghanistan as well as the international community. ?????
To conclude, both the international community and the government of Afghanistan have failed to institutionalize democracy in the post-2001 epoch. Despite few democratic achievements at the primary stages of the Bonn Process, the Afghan democratization process has neither been successful nor found the ground for systematically development in post-Taliban Afghanistan. The reason behind the failure of the democratization process in post-9/11 Afghanistan has not only been the over-concentration of the international community on counter-warlordism and counter-insurgency, yet too the failure of the internationally-backed Afghan administration in effectively dealing with such challenges has further undermined the democratization process. To better reinforce democracy, it is momentous for the international community to necessitate the Afghan government in systematically institutionalizing democracy and creating sustainable democratic creations; otherwise, the challenges of warlordism and the Taliban-led insurgency would more undermine the democratization process to further result in the plenary failure of Afghan democracy. ??
Farhad Arian ?????
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In the aftermath of the 9/11 bombards, the UN-sponsored Bonn Conference of 2001 not only intended to build sustainable peace in Afghanistan but also opened the window for a formal democratization process in the post-Taliban era. The Bonn Conference resulted in the Bonn Agreement of 5 December 2001 that recognized the right of the people of Afghanistan to freely decide about their political future with reference to the principles of Islam, democracy, pluralism, and social justice. Regardless of the formal recognition of democracy by the Bonn Agreement, in the post-2001 period, both the Afghan government and the international community paid less attention in providing the ground for institutionalizing democracy in Afghanistan due to the progressive challenges of warlordism and the Taliban-led insurgency. As a result of shifting the attention of the international community and the Afghan government from democracy to counter-warlordism and counter-insurgency, democracy has neither institutionalized nor systematically amplified cross permanent institutions in post-9/11 Afghanistan. ???
Afghanistan, (2010), The New York Times. Retrieved November 23,tory burch reva ballet, 2010 from www.topics.nytimes.com.
Farhad Arian is a former official of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan. He is currently undertaking a Master of Arts in International Affairs at the Australian National University (ANU).?
Suhrke, A. (2007), "Democratization of a Dependent State: The Case of Afghanistan",vibram barefoot running, Working Papers, Chr. Michelsen Institute, pp.1-15. Retrieved November 15, 2010 from www.journalsonline.tandf.co.uk.
December 16, 2010
References
The Future of Democracy in Afghanistan, (2009),tory burch ballet flats, The Government Monitor. Retrieved November 24, 2010 from www.thegovmonitor.com.
Finally, in the post-Bonn Process, the emergence of the Taliban-led insurgency has shifted the attention of the international community and the Afghan government from institutionalizing democracy to counter-insurgency. Once the Taliban and additional insurgent groups became competent to amplify the insurgency afterward 2003, not only the international community but also the government of Afghanistan saw democracy as an issue of fewer important in approximation to the priorities of counter-insurgency. Institutionalizing democracy and erection sustainable democratic institutions in the post-Bonn process, accordingly, have not only vanished from the policy priorities of the international community but also the Afghan government has entirely forgotten its national responsibility in strengthening democracy. Regardless of the ventures of the international community in supporting the democratization process in the post-Bonn Process, the government of Afghanistan has paid no significant consideration to the democratization process of the country. The Afghan government has not only less focused on institutionalizing democracy, but also continuously limited democratic liberties of citizens deserving to the amplify of security cared posed by the Taliban and other insurgent groups. ????
Post-9/11 Afghan Democracy: Far Longer From Expectations by Farhad Arian
Post-9/11 Afghan Democracy: Far Longer From Expectations
For instance, nevertheless the Presidential and Parliamentary plebiscites of 2004 and 2005 were 2 significant steps towards institutionalizing democracy in post-Taliban Afghanistan, the internationally-backed government of Afghanistan was unable to counter the challenge of warlordism during and after the elections. Thus, not only the elected government of President Hamid Karzai but also the Parliament of 2005 as well as the Afghan Judiciary significantly remained below the dominance of warlords especially whom they had muscular political ties with the government of President Karzai. As a result of the failure of the government of Afghanistan and the international community in effectively dealing with the challenge of warlordism during the Bonn Process, the exertions of the international community did not necessarily resulted in institutionalizing democracy in Afghanistan. ?
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