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Old 05-24-2011, 07:36 AM   #1
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  法制日报记者 丁国锋 法制日报通讯员 建 真

  一名“80后”大学生利用网络自动采集、与“网友”交换等方式,收集了240G硬盘容量的公民个人信息 ,仅分类文件夹就多达20多万个,在不到一年的时间里非法买卖公民信息获利超过4万元。

  根据2009年2月通过的刑法修正案,其中新设定的非法获取公民个人信息罪规定,“国家机关或者金融、 电信、交通、教育、医疗等单位的工作人员,违反国家规定,将本单位在履行职责或者提供服务过程中获得的公民 个人信息,出售或者非法提供给他人,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处罚金。窃取或者 以其他方法非法获取上述信息,情节严重的,依照前款的规定处罚”。

  然而,由于在批捕过程中,有关方面认为犯罪嫌疑人未构成“非法获取公民个人信息罪”所规定的“在履行职 责或提供公共服务过程中,利用公权力采集到的公民个人信息的国家机关或者单位,出售或者非法提供公民个人信 息的活动”这一条件,在被公安机关抓获后,因为证据、主体等多重难题,没有被检察机关正式批捕 。

  《法制日报》记者在采访中了解到,因为立法的不足,导致这条罪名出现了“空设”现象。

  网上自动采集公民信息

  一年收集20万个文件夹

  2010年3月初,涉嫌通过网络买卖公民个人信息的犯罪嫌疑人甄某被江苏省南京市警方抓获。警方在其作 案用的电脑中,发现了海量的公民个人信息,其中包括私家车主、航空VIP会员、高尔夫会员、医院患者、企业 老总、楼盘业主、移动联通用户、银行客户等分门别类的文件夹多达20多万个,而每个文件夹中都有几百条甚至 几万条个人信息。

  据查,这些信息的“主人”来自北京、上海、南京、深圳等全国上百座城市,而信息的详细程度则令人瞠目― ―以车主的信息为例,其中不仅有车主姓名、地址、牌照号,就连车主身份证号、发动机号等也是一应 俱全。

  据了解,甄某一般都是利用QQ聊天工具,进行公民信息“买卖”的。在其QQ聊天记录中,警方共获取了4 0余次甄某联系出售和成交公民信息的电子记录。据甄某交代,从去年3月到案发,他以每次100元至1500 元不等的价格,通过出售个人信息,ghd hot pink,至少赚了三四万元。

  但是,不在银行、电信等“有利”部门工作的甄某并不属于享有获取公民个人信息权力和途径的人员,那么, 一名刚刚毕业不久的大学生是怎样获得这些信息的?

  答案令人瞠目――网络自动下载。

  据甄某交代,2009年年初,他租用了一台服务器开办了一个网站,在网页上留下了两个QQ号以及3个电 话号码。为了交易方便,他还办了20张银行卡。

  要想把信息卖出去,得让人容易找到网站,甄某花了3000元买到了某著名搜索引擎的排名。与此同时,甄 某开始大肆搜集公民个人信息。据甄某交代,moncler official site,搜集方式不外乎3个渠道:

  通过网络自动下载。甄某在电脑里安装了一款软件,它能够从相关网站上自动采集包括企业名录、电话传真、 会员、银行在内的各类信息,采集结果则以电子表格的形式,保存在电脑里。

  此外,甄某还“细心”地把文件名改为“银行会员”、“航空公司会员”、“高尔夫会员”等。据甄某交代, 经过如此整理,信息不但卖得快,而且价格也比单纯的企业名录高。

  另两种方式可谓更加“简洁方便”――与“网友”交换资料、低价购买公民信息。

  据甄某交代,根据其在网站上留下的联系方式,不少有同样业务需要的“网友”和他套近乎,交 换数据。

  根据警方缴获的QQ聊天记录显示,在网上,甄某和网友“向往明天”交换过两次楼盘业主信息 ,GHD Straighteners,共涉及了6个楼盘业主。

  据了解,甄某掌握的楼盘业主数据、移动联通用户数据中的绝大部分,是他和生意“客户”交换来的,另一部 分则是他买的。落网前,他花了300元买了10多个楼盘的业主资料,每个楼盘只要10多元。

  就这样,甄某在不到一年时间内,积累了多达近240G的海量公民个人信息。

  而在交易中,他则以每2000条至3000条信息卖100元的价格在网上“批发”,其中,业主信息则被 卖到一个楼盘100元的高价。他的买主,则主要是销售人员、保险公司、装饰公司业务员。

  概括性说法致法律真空

  相关司法解释亟待出炉

  然而,就在警方投入警力破案后,在处理这起案件时却遇到了法律障碍――从网络上搜集公民个人信息的行为 如何定性?是否属于非法获取的范畴?

  是否构成犯罪,两种观点可谓南辕北辙。

  “无罪论”者认为:甄某的信息来源以网络搜索和与他人交换为主,从网上搜索和与人交换不属于秘密窃取, 不能认定为非法获取手段,且虽然出售了大量公民个人信息,但是购买者主要用于发广告、拉生意等用途,没有因 为公民个人信息出售造成其他违法犯罪等严重的后果。

  而主张对其以涉嫌非法获取公民个人信息罪进行惩戒的一方的理由则是,甄某为牟利大量收集公民个人信息并 出售信息获利,属于出于非法目的收集,且交换也属于交易形式一种,与购买本质一致,其行为同样侵犯了公民的 信息安全,破坏了社会秩序,情节严重。

  记者了解到,由于此类案件还没有明确司法解释,两种观点的不同直接导致了各地在处理时具体理解的不尽相 同,一定程度影响了对此类违法犯罪行为的打击力度和效果。

  2009年刑法修正案在设立出售、非法提供公民个人信息罪的立法中,没有采用“一般主体”的立法建议, 而是确定了“特别主体”的身份,即必须在履行职责或提供公共服务过程中利用某种程度的公权力采集到的公民个 人信息的国家机关或者单位,并在法条中明确了只有“国家机关或者金融、电信、交通、教育、医疗等单位的工作 人员”的特定身份人员,将本单位在履行职责或者提供服务过程中获得的公民个人信息,出售或者非法提供给他人 ,情节严重的,属于犯罪行为。

  但在现实的公安侦查阶段,涉及具有垄断性质的机关、企事业单位工作人员犯罪,其“窃取、收买”的行为极 其“隐秘”,即使消耗了大量侦破资源,也很难获得相应证据。而本案暴露出的问题,恰恰反映了当前越来越猖獗 的地下非法泄露、甚至出售公民个人信息牟利的行为存在“法律真空”。

  有关专家表示,非法获取公民个人信息罪的立法本意是铲除出售或非法提供公民个人信息的市场,禁止以非法 手段大量收集公民个人信息,但是,机械限定“非法获取”的主体或方式将使这一罪名在司法实践中“形同虚设” ,不仅将为大量存在的出售或者非法提供公民个人信息活动大开“方便之门”,而且从危害的后果看,任何人通过 出卖个人信息获利,直接危害到的是公民个人信息安全和社会管理秩序,且是引发敲诈勒索、绑架等其他犯罪的“ 源头”之一。

  法制日报南京7月22日电
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Old 05-24-2011, 07:38 AM   #2
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Old 05-24-2011, 07:43 AM   #3
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In the weeks leading up to E3, it's popular to speculate about what will be announced and shown off. We've rounded up some of the rumors and give you the odds on whether or not they're true.
Sony will apologize for the PSN debacle.
E3 press conferences are usually a time to celebrate successes over the past year (or to spin the numbers so they look like successes even when they aren't). There's no way to spin PSN in a positive light, however, and while public apologies aren't fun for anyone, it would be very hard to ignore the giant, broken, personal-identity-stealing elephant in the room -- especially because there's still a possibility PSN won't be fully functional by the press conference. Expect Sony to address the situation head-on.
Sony will announce the price, name, and launch lineup of the NGP.
OK, to be fair, this is a multipart prediction, so let's break down what "maaaaybe" means. We think it's likely Sony will announce the NGP's official name -- nothing like a new shiny logo to get people all excited. We also think that Sony will show off a lot of games for the system, and a lot of them will be games that end up being available at launch. However, it's still too far out from the NGP's release to have a solid read on which games will be official launch titles. And while the price announcement could go either way, our odds are on "no," particularly if it ends up being higher than people want it to be.
Microsoft will unveil the next Xbox.
Rumors have been floating around about the next Xbox, but don't hold your breath that you'll get to see the successor anytime soon. Microsoft spent a rumored half-billion dollars launching the Kinect last fall, so the likelihood that the company will turn around and pull the rug out from under its new peripheral's feet is practically nonexistent. It's a definite possibility that there will be tech demos of what the future of gaming might look like, but as far as seeing a new piece of hardware -- no.
Microsoft will congratulate itself on Kinect sales numbers, and then proceed to show a bunch of Kinect games that are underwhelming.
Remember how we just told you that Microsoft is rumored to have spent a half-a-billion dollars on Kinect? That's why you should expect it to have a strong presence at the MS conference. As far as having anything to get too excited about, well -- probably not. There's Kinect Star Wars, and then there's, uh....yeah.
We will see a bunch of new Project Cafe games, including a new Mario title.
Nintendo is showing off its system for the very first time, and cool-looking games are the quickest way to impress. Yes, you will see many games for Project Cafe -- that's almost guaranteed. Will one of those games star the chubby little plumber? We don't know, but it wouldn't shock us if Mario was in attendance.
Nintendo will announce that Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword will be a launch title for Project Cafe.
Nintendo's got a tough decision to make with Skyward Sword. On one hand the company has set this precedent before, when Twilight Princess was shifted from the GameCube to be a Wii launch title. On the other hand, we won't see the new Nintendo system till 2012, which means the Wii is looking at a pretty barren release schedule this fall if Skyward Sword gets taken out of the mix. This one could definitely go either way.
Grand Theft Auto V will be announced.
It's been three years since GTA IV came out, which means a lot of people are champing at the bit to see what comes next for Rockstar's signature franchise. Unfortunately, we're pretty sure you're going to have to keep waiting for the foreseeable future. Rockstar isn't on the E3 show floor in any official capacity, which means the company -- or any of the games its working on -- probably won't be there at all.
Bungie's new game will be unveiled.
Second verse, same as the first. Bungie is also not going to be at E3, so don't hold your breath that we'll get any news on their first post-Halo project yet.
Star Wars: The Old Republic will get a release date.
It's the third year running that The Old Republic has been at E3, but we still don't know for sure when Star Wars fans and MMO players will be able to get their grubby little mitts on it. Could EA's press conference finally be the moment we've been anticipating for what seems like forever? If you made us bet, we'd put our money on "yes" over "no."
We'll see a brand-new Halo.
Halo fans have been anxiously awaiting to see what the first post-Bungie game in the series will look like, but we don't think this year is the year. That doesn't mean it will be a Halo-less Microsoft press conference, however -- rumors have been floating about a Halo: Combat Evolved remake to commemorate the game's tenth anniversary. If those rumors are true, expect to see them confirmed at E3.
Microsoft will take veiled jabs at Sony, Nintendo will take veiled jabs at Apple, and Sony will just keep its mouth shut.
Microsoft will make at least one remark about how the Xbox 360 is the best place for online gameplay, followed by a self-satisfied smirk. Nintendo will comment at least once that inexpensive, low-quality software is bringing down games overall. And Sony, knowing that this year is not a good time to be cocky, will judiciously refrain from saying anything about other companies.
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