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Reprinted from 859378104 at 21:02 on September 14 2010 read (loading. ..) Comments (0) Category: Muslim people magazine
our origins can be traced back to the Hui Sui and Tang dynasties, the central and western parts of Asia by sea traders Hu and the major food of people, Semu, Foreign Visitor, Hui, Hui, etc., are different periods of China's Hui Muslim ancestors or different title.
627 years (the first year of Emperor Zhen Guan), Sassanid Persia (now Iran area) who rate safety humble Khan 5000 into the Tang Taizong Chao Victoria (now Maoxian, Sichuan Province) resettlement, granted to the provincial governor,
tory burch 2011, thanks to left-WU Wei General, tired grant Left generals, major generals the right prison doors, sealing Dingxiang owned High. This is only into China's record on a large scale, in fact, the commerce between the older folk, such as trafficking element to revive trade for the industry, holding a variety of faith (mainly Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism, Nestorianism, etc.) of the Central Asian barbarian countries, such as the Sassanid Persians in the Chinese had started or stay home, history books call them
Ningxia
651 years (Tang Emperor Yong Hui years), that is great food embraced Islam occupied the Sassanid Persian Empire, the same year, Datang is a large food envoys to Chang'an, the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries, Western envoys businessmen, scholars came to China continuously. Shortly thereafter, also will be staggered from Islam.
who rule the roost in the Sassanid dynasty and eventually became a history of heavy cavalry
661, was defeated by a large cannibal's Sassanid dynasty Luz British Columbia Prince and his men for help to the tang refuge, WU Wei Tang Emperor to him as the right general. Great Council of Chiefs led his troops in the Persian Arrow regret into the right successor Tun Tang Wei generals. Hu was established in Chang'an Temple Persia, Persian Center.
750 years ago after the outbreak of the West against the Umayyad dynasty, the armed struggle against the main Shiite (mostly Iranians), the struggle against the failure, a group of Shiites fleeing the Umayyad dynasty forced to move gradually from west to east, to northern China, foreign trade made a Today, the Hui, the do cattle. Sheep, horse, dried fruit, antiques, etc. The Hui Muslims (that is, those who believe in Islam), although many are Sunni, but the details of some aspects of religion and daily life, but many Shiite residual mark.
724-756 years, Deep Six Qi Zhang. the sale of goods and brought back Chinese silk, tea, porcelain and other goods.
755 至 763, Shih during the An Lushan and Shi Zhiming insurgence, Tang Suzong due to shortage of troops to block invalid, in order to protect rivers and mountains, great food by the soldiers put down the rebellion, the Caliph, shot, the big bravery food (including many Western nation) an army, led by the industry A Fuer to China, then, took place in Shien Ming rebellion,
tory burch shoes, these hungry soldiers to help put down two rebellions Tang recovered after the throne of the emperor Su-tsung, tsung large food reward Western soldiers, in Chang'an build - Temple, from the counties to select the appropriate woman, married with a large fresh soldiers. So women selected by the thousand, Yangzhou and other places, sent Chang Yi, thinking match. Since then, China's largest fresh troops are homes.
Song, Guangzhou, Quanzhou, Yangzhou, Hangzhou and other coastal cities, are inhabited by large numbers of Western businessmen in China, namely, Zhu:
Hualazimo (Figure), is an ancient region in western countries today, in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya, the Aral Sea coast, Ukraine and Turkmenistan today, the land between the two countries.
1218, Genghis Khan sent back and forth from the four hundred and fifty on a business team to Hualazimo business. A caravan passing through and correct the assassination, he was hardly out of the Kimori will be detained, ordered to kill the late Maha Hualazimo sand merchants, confiscation of all property, thereby triggering Genghis Khan expedition. Expedition process (refer to the Genghis Khan 1225 1219 ---- 1252 ---- 1260 expedition and the Xulie Wu few expedition), the Congling (now the Pamirs) west of the Black Sea (Asia and Europe an inland sea area) east of the vast region Naru Meng Yuan in the territory of Western Asia,
tory burch on sale, the Hui people here on the East to the number of hundreds of thousands (millions have said), the Hui people in addition to part of the craftsmen, government official, businessmen, academics, physicians, etc. In addition, most of the series as animal husbandry, raising over Tunju, launched preparations, animal husbandry, Ken dismount.
1235 Taizong Wokuo Tai Year's implementation of the Apart from the Western Hui Muslim people, there are the same to the non-Muslim members, such as Roma), Zoroastrianism (Zoroastrianism), Manichaeism (also known as Mingjiao) Act, King Christian, all of which are collectively referred to as back and forth, the then Government was officially incorporated into the residence, the name Hui people have a formal Chinese nationality and the Han, Mongolian and other ethnic women with a family and stay in, will become a new nation. In the Yuan Dynasty in the official documents, or edict, Hui and other ethnic groups also clearly distinguished, such as the Yuan Dynasty , Khitan, Jurchen, eight categories of Han Chinese,
1271, at the Zama Rudin (Persian forth) under the auspices of the Yuan government formally established in Inner Mongolia is China's first Blue Flag Secretary forth the roof of Hui for the station, the seven by his construction in the instrument as, (one of the globe back in 1267 that the first time by the invention and is made of Hui). Astronomical instruments through the use of scientific astronomical observations, the preparation of Hui calendar. Of Hui and Muslim astronomers, through their own research, the first time in China, established a Center for Chinese Studies, astronomy, astronomy work and achievements on the development of Chinese astronomy had a profound impact. 1280 and set up a more powerful Hui Si Tianjian, tasks in addition to Hui Si Tianjian the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty lasted until the late Ming.
1272 年 11 months old from the back and forth A gun maker and his disciples also Sima Zivadin reasons, developed a successful test-firing guns back and forth, the gun long range powerful. In addition, the Hui have weapons maker,
tory burch flats, has invented and introduced the
1273 年 Khan on the back and forth across the armed forces stationed in the order: Since then,
tory burch reva, there were a large number of Hui sergeant, distributed throughout the country Mita farming. 50 is generally a community, it is the rural grassroots units, can be said that business was back and forth, back and forth of a home village or settlement camp, a village in the beginning, thus forming a pattern.
1276, the famous black-Hui Diego architect also designed and organized to create Dadu Goulding (now Beijing), but also mobilize people to carefully measure the black Diego Goulding exploration, building both absorb foreign advanced technology, but also fully respects China traditional architectural style, combining the conditions for the development of Chinese history and topography features, design and construction with Chinese characteristics and the integration of the world's advanced level of construction capital of the Yuan dynasty and palaces. And 1293 completed.
1289, the back home setting up sub-study, instructors are also thinking for non-text (ie, Persian text).
1340 years (Yuan positive years), who introduced the Persians back and forth making the
1357-1366, the Yuan policy of racial discrimination in places such as Fujian, soldiers and civilians of various Semu such prohibited practice martial arts, or get Qiangbang, and offenders were teachers and school learning and decision (rod) under 77. Since then, possession of prohibited weapons Han, livestock horses. Dahir has repeatedly creating a big warships of foreign military forces in Quanzhou, Since the Yuan has been repeated outbreaks of Quanzhou peasant uprising against yuan, Fujian, Kyrgyzstan and the 1366 Thousand Gold, Gong, who were safe to open the night the Friends of West Gate, Chen cited the rate of provincial troops to be eventually fail. Chen Hui Friends of mass killings of people took the opportunity given, resulting in a large number of back and forth to flee Quanzhou, migration or the other country, incognito, to this very popular port of Quanzhou start in the cold. Known as the
1368 established the Ming Dynasty, many prominent Muslim figures stand out. Xu Da-known founding fathers, with Victor Fung, Chang Yuchun Hu Dahai, Dingde Xing, Lan Yu, Mu Ying, Feng Sheng, Deng more, Li Wenzhong, Solids Hui, who is known as the top ten. Xu Da, Chang Yuchun Hu Dahai Northern Expedition and other general rate of the process specified in Baoding, Cangzhou, Beijing and Tianjin, Shandong, leaving up to a lot of back and forth along the Shanhaiguan other camps, ghettos, or the formation of a large number of Muslim villages. Ma Ming Dynasty, the famous hero of your aggression, the Japanese invasion of North Korea from the Korean war when the military system, northwest of the battlefield there are famous yun, Xu side. The famous navigator Zheng He, Ma Huan and outspoken E Qingguan Hai Hai, Bingbushangshu iron-hyun, minister of works Zhao Rong, Ma Wen-liter board of civil chancery, honest and upright official SUN Lu and so on. Culture to the small crane, the Mazi Jiang, gold carts, Kim Yu, Ma Jilong, flash, following Di, immediately Jie, Ma Kam as the representatives. In the Ming Dynasty, Ming Hui Li is still the primary calendar, and major historical reference to the system. Emperor of Ming Dynasty emperors such as the Hui people have to say. Looking at the Ming Dynasty, the Hui people in many ways made an outstanding contribution.
Zheng
museum like
1405 年 7 月 11 (Yongle three years), Zheng He led a large fleet of the first mission to the Western. In the long 28 years, the fleet carrying the world's most advanced navigation equipment and all kinds of weapons by more than thirty Asian and African countries, involving more than thousands of years, and countries to establish the political, economic and cultural links completed seven voyages of the great historical feat. 1405, the first of Zheng He's voyages, Columbus discovered the New World as early as 87 years, more than tat. Gamma through Cape of Good Hope as early as 92 years, Bimaizhelun sail around the world 114 years earlier, he no doubt the history of human civilization and the world wrote a brilliant history of navigation page. To commemorate this great moment in history, in 2005 the first of the Government of Zheng He's voyages on July 11 as China's
Ju Ming Hongwu Qing
pattern flower soup Interlocking bottles
1465-1487 Chenghua, the Hui people from the vicinity of the introduction of Persia and patterns combined with traditional Chinese, in addition to a large number of well-known manufacturers of porcelains with the world, so that the Ming Dynasty ceramics art manufacturing process to peak, to the exquisite position that these fine porcelain by Zheng He, the Silk Road and other sales to the Western Regions and overseas, which makes the history of Chinese ceramics in the Ming Dynasty porcelain shine, made brilliant achievements. Xuande early as 1426-1435 years, the Muslim artisans to-day side chop brine sand, zishi, wind mill steel and gold, 33 silver and other metals as raw materials, sub-culture through the exchange of things, back to the Han and other nationalities the skill of craftsmen, Seiko smelting manufacture a number of fine copper incense burner (the famous Xuande furnace).
1465-1487 Chenghua, the Hui people from the vicinity of the introduction of Persia and patterns combined with traditional Chinese, in addition to a large number of well-known manufacturers of porcelains with the world, so that the Ming Dynasty ceramics art manufacturing process to peak, to the exquisite position that these fine porcelain by Zheng He, the Silk Road and other sales to the Western Regions and overseas, which makes the history of Chinese ceramics in the Ming Dynasty porcelain shine, made brilliant achievements. Xuande early as 1426-1435 years, the Muslim artisans to-day side chop brine sand, zishi, wind mill steel and gold, 33 silver and other metals as raw materials, sub-culture through the exchange of things, back to the Han and other nationalities the skill of craftsmen, Seiko smelting manufacture a number of fine copper incense burner (the famous Xuande furnace).
Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), libraries can not bear to Jesus, Gade endure yeah, Tiger Fu Ye, Zhe He Huan Ren Ye four doors and a variety of branches to send, Nikolay Varney and tribes in the Northwest Hui, Salar, Dongxiang generated and nearby regions have spread, some sectarian conflict came into being. During this period, the development of Muslim society has been seriously hampered and disrupted.
Shunzhi five years (1648) in April, the former generals of the Ming Hui meters La India, SOIL in Ganzhou (present Zhangye area) launched the anti-insurrection, Yong Wang Zhu Ming dynasty extended knowledge pounds as anti-Fuming banner. After the rebels into the rapid development of the East, with g Liangzhou (now Wuwei), Lanzhou, River State (now Linxia) and other places, the Qing government Jidiao Shanxi Governor Meng Qiaofang trilateral massive crush the rebels and other rates, the first month in the following year break Ganzhou City. M La India defeated Yongchang, heroic sacrifice. Remnants of the national standard rate of the small West go Suzhou (now Jiuquan), crowned king valentine soil to continue the struggle to resist the Qing, November, Qing Suzhou city was occupied, SOIL, soil Valentine and many will be on anti-heroic sacrifice. Uprising lasted one year and eight months.
Hui displayed in the museum of historical relics and historical materials related
Qianlong six years (AD 1781), in the Soviet region of Gansu Xunhua forty-three (Sala) event; involving the local is Duo Sala, Hui, Dongxiang, Han, Tibetan and other ethnic people, shook the northwest, alerted the court. Su forty-three incident was caused by Ma Ming Su forty-three heart tissue Protestant teachers, codification family) dissatisfaction was made to local officials in order to confuse the people in the name of the cult accusations, Ma Ming Qing government then expelled the heart out of Xunhua place (after the bowls to kill in Maryland). Later,
the year April 1784, Ma Ming Tian heart only five (Sala, also known as Tin Fu), Zhang Wenqing (nation unknown), Ma Ming Hsin Tao Zu declared vengeance against the Qing government extinction Zheherenye. After the failure in the Soviet Union forty-three Tian five secret contacts, including Muslim philosophy and tolerance of all ethnic groups, including religious believers Jesus, casting weapons at the June 2 start war with the Qing. In early July, the rebels of the fall of the last strongholds Fort Tongwei pinnacle, followed by the local forbearance Qing Ye followers of all sects carried out the massacre.
Daoguang twenty-five years (1845), broke out in Yunnan, led by Tu Wen-hsiu anti uprising. Yongchang area due back to the Han Chinese of Yunnan, Hui Du Wenxiu and other representatives to Beijing for this complaint, but not be properly addressed. Xianfeng six years, Linan (now built water) and Han bullies repeatedly causing trouble, burning Muslim villages, but also the Order of the governor of Yunnan gather around the militia thrust backwards, sparking the Muslim resistance. This year under the leadership of the Yunnan Hui Du Wenxiu United Han, Yi, Bai and other ethnic groups in Mongolia of the (now Weishan) uprising, to capture Dali House, the establishment of Dali regime pushed the total military forces Du Wenxiu generalissimo. 16 years after the uprising in the struggle, he led the rebel army has occupied the 53 counties in Yunnan Province, announced that no country called for peaceful response, the purposes of light taxes, heavy manufacturing and other policies, has won the admiration of all peoples of Yunnan. In 1872, the Qing Dali siege. Dali and the settlement, he When he was 44 years old.
1858 years (the Qing Dynasty Xianfeng years), when the feudal Qing Dynasty under the rule of the local peoples lives miserable, subsequently in Xianfeng years have launched against the people of all nationalities. 1858 (11 years wen) December Guizhou Puan Office (now the Panxian) of the Hui people in Zhangling Xiang, Ma He Tu and other leaders held under the armed uprising, Xingyi House (now Enron) Hui, Han, Buyi , Miao and other ethnic people have responded rapidly growing ranks of the uprising. In April 1866 anti-struggle, Zhang Lingxiang, Ma He Tu killed. The night of 31 May 1872 appeared as a traitor within the rebel army, the rebel army soldiers and their families brutally murdered, according to the Ministry of the Golden million are heroic martyrdom, thus, adhere to the 14-year-old Muslim uprising in the failure of southwest Guizhou!
between wen (1862--1874 years) part of Shaanxi Province Hui for The most famous was undoubtedly the Baiyan Hu. After the end result outnumbered, after the uprising, Shaanxi original seven,
tory burch outlet, eight hundred thousand Muslim last, leaving only two of Xi'an City and southern Shaanxi, thirty thousand. Baiyan Hu was forced to carry more than the military, dependents disease crossing the Naryn River to the northwest, fled to the Russian border, then settle in the territory of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan in Central Asia today. Baiyan Hu Hui-led anti-northwest Shaanxi Province and tens of thousands fought in the uprising, the heroic, rather die than surrender. Today Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and other places Hui (Dungan said local) is the seed of this military dependents.
1912-1949, the period of KMT's Republic of China, the KMT pursued Han doctrine, the implementation of the policy of ethnic oppression Han chauvinism, on the one hand declared the equality of all nationalities, on the other hand do not want to admit the existence of ethnic minorities The whole country has become a large prison of all ethnic minorities, people of all ethnic darkest period in history, they called the Han ethnic minorities other than the branch. KMT advocates the so-called Han, Manchu, Mongolian, Hui, Tibetan republic of five nationalities, but also has great deceptive. They not only discriminate against Muslim custom, but also unwilling to acknowledge the existence of the Hui Chiang Kai-shek manipulated the In the Han dynasty under the doctrine of coercion, the individual Muslim warlords, bureaucrats, and some of the privileges of religious leader and head Menhuan who not only set the expense of national dignity, but also increased on the exploitation and enslavement of Muslims of all ethnic groups, extreme sectarian forces and Han Marxist one, do everything possible to combat the Hui ethnic pride, cast aside by the majority of Muslim people. This history of the nation and the KMT against the line, and the reality of the Han ethnic self-esteem at the expense of people of all doctrine acts to bring untold suffering and humiliation.
1919, the Actively participated in, organized and led anti-imperialist demonstrations, protests, propaganda, petitions and other revolutionary activities, setting off a wave of vigorous anti-imperialist revolution.
1930, the opposition Kuomintang YMCA Han Hui doctrine established in Beijing. 1930 Peking (Beijing) students of all institutions of higher education initiatives and the creation of a Muslim national dignity, and only the implementation of the Hui ethnic autonomous can solve the problem. Muslim Youth Association in 1937, the Japanese imperialist aggression, to stop activities in Peking. Resumed after 1939 in Chongqing, as the KMT government against the use of 1945, the person will be responsible for Xue Wenbo Ma Ru Chiang Kai-shek does not recognize the neighborhood and so forth refute the argument of national, back and forth once again raised a nation, and to expand the variety of activities for national rights.
1937 年 10 months, In the same year in October, with the support of the Chinese Communist Party, Hebei Dingzhou (Baoding) Muslim youth cheng, Ma Yongen, Ma Guozhong, Baizhen Wu, Bai Zhongqing, etc., in the Chinese Communist Xiaobing Jun guidance and help, In Dingzhou (original county), Yasukuni area organized the Jizhong subsequently absorbed across the patriotic Muslim youth, formed a
bile enemy horse town of Granville and the leadership of the Muslim fasting Detachment
1938 年 1 month, Cangzhou Xin Zhuang Hui Xian East patriotic young horse the fast formation of the to form the famous After Hejian, Cangxian, Yasukuni, Qingxian, cross river, Renqiu, The Promise, Gaocheng Muslim neighborhoods back to the Han and other patriotic young people have actively joined the ranks of the forces in the battle has grown. Under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, led by Ma Hui detachment of the fast anomaly in difficult conditions, which lasted eight years, eight hundred war, Bacheng hundreds, and annihilated Yu Wan, hitting hard at the arrogance of the Japanese army, won the unbeatable, drag the Iron Army is not bad, Japanese and puppet troops siege several heavily Muslim team, were not successful, then angry, the horse of the vegetarian mother arrested. Both hard and soft female horse under the enemy rather die than surrender, a hunger strike to death, the righteous cause of their national pride and inspire acts of people of all ethnic groups. 1944 Ma, commander of the fasting died of illness in Shandong Shenxian, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De and other leaders sent to elegiac couplet, to show mourning. Commander in Chief Zhu De Jing Wan: Ningxia Border Region and other Muslim organizations across the country Hui Detachment, Cavalry Regiment, Volunteers, commandos, the SDF, the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army, Hui Ting Jinjun and other anti-Japanese national salvation team, launched in Xinjiang Xinjiang Hui Hui Culture Association donated an aircraft purchase to support the war. From the front to the rear, from city to country ... ... as long as the Muslim areas, there is the passion and the flames of war, heroes and heroines Hui made great sacrifices for the war, the establishment of a monumental performance. Hui will be the fate of all their closely linked with the motherland, and to compose a song Hui vigorous stirring patriotic song. Hard in an extremely humiliating years, many Chinese people of all heroes and the life blood of our quiet and peaceful happy life today.
1937, the Japanese invaders in Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai provinces inhabited by Hui focus, deliberately exaggerated the conflict between Hui and Han, stands for B Ma et al Kawamura Japanese convert to Islam under the guise of the name of nearly Hui, engage in advocacy separatist activities. However, strong anti-Japanese and Ma Hongbin Ma Hongkui Sui Western troops stand firm against Japan, the Japanese aggressors in Ningxia and other places to establish a Some Gansu, Ningxia Hui military leaders - State House members Ma Lin, Ma Hongkui, Ma Bufang, Ma Hongbin, Ma Buqing, etc. Since the war, also said more than once loyal support of the national unity and resistance, and actually participated in war. In each of the anti-Japanese front, the regular army and the guerrillas, as well as all anti-Japanese groups and Japanese work, everywhere to see Muslim and non-Muslim fellow compatriots to stand close to the united front, and to defend the motherland, the Chinese nation to fight for survival.
1938 Sino-Japanese Wuhan Battle, when he was captain of Zhongshan Warship Sa Shi Jun (Navy veterans grandniece ice Sa town), take on the task of vigilance along the Wuchang. The morning of October 24, Zhongshan Warship turns dive bomb hit Japanese bombers. In the fierce battle, the captain Sa Shi Chun always commanding, calm response, the leg was severed, the case of seriously injured arm still stick to their posts, and loudly advocated the ship perish. Sa Shi Jun is a Sino-Japanese War and died for their country the highest position of the Chinese naval officers and the only warship captain.
1939 年 1 month, under the rule of the Kuomintang reactionaries Haiyuan County, patriotic young Maguo Lin Hui, Ma Yingui, Ma Shaojing other proposed Hui slogan organization uprising. Development within the rebel army in January to 9,000 people, in the invasion of the reactionary armed militia, Pa Township punish evil gentry all kinds of evil to win the fight after another, before and after the elimination of the regular army and local armed KMT more than 2,000 people, the sea became so hundreds of rebels in mountain areas the ocean. But the rebel army of the Kuomintang was the eighth governor of Gansu Zhu Shaoliang theater commander and repression, and ultimately failed, lasted 40 days. In April, the Ma Guorui, MA King, Ma Yinggui, Masi Yi and other led by the outbreak of the second intifada, the uprising team developed a the Hui and Han people are the one Rebels quickly developed to 1 million people, surrounded by the KMT's massive artillery bombing and aircraft, suffered heavy casualties. Masi Yi led more than 1,000 people after the breakout success, in May launched a third intifada, to the enemy to hit, but the uprising team is also very heavy losses, after Masi Yi led the volunteer army went to the border region, was warmly welcomed by the army and the Border Region's cordial meeting with Mao Zedong , approved over the rebels as a
1949 New China was founded, the state began giving the country officially recognized ethnic minorities, fifty-five ethnic minorities, Aboriginal systems are recognized: Korean, Hui, Manchu, Mongolian, Miao, Uygur , Yao, Yi, Tibetan, not wait for the inspection of the natural set up. With the ethnic Hui autonomous region, autonomous counties, autonomous Township, the right to become their own masters under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party are truly embodies the new China. After that the other two phases of the fraternal peoples, national identity based on the theory of historical development and current situation and the national will was found, respectively, to the end of the feudal emperor of all ethnic groups and warlords such as exploitation and domination, are respected and equal status, the new policy of ethnic equality in China has been actively supported people of all nationalities.
2000 the fifth national census statistics, the Muslim population is 9,816,802 people, 56 nationalities in China ranked fourth in population.
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