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Wound
Classification

An open wound

A laceration to the leg

Open

Open wounds can be classified according to the object that caused the wound. The types of open wound are:

Incisions or incised wounds, caused by a clean, sharp-edged object such as a knife, a razor or a cup splinter.

Lacerations, random tear-like wounds caused by some blunt trauma. The term laceration is usually misused in reference to incisions.

Abrasions (grazes), superficial wounds in which the topmost layer of the skin (the epidermis) is scraped off. Abrasions are often caused by a sliding fall onto a rowdy surface.

Puncture wounds, caused by an object puncturing the skin, for example,0 a hook or pin.

Penetration wounds, caused by an object such like,0 a sword entering and coming out from the skin .

Gunshot wounds, caused by a bullet or similar projectile driving into or via the body. There may be two wounds, 1 at the site of entrance and one at the site of exit, such is generally known as a through-and-through.

Closed

Closed wounds have less categories, but are just as precarious as open wounds. The types of closed wounds are:

Contusions, more commonly known as bruises, caused by a blunt force trauma that damages tissue under the skin.

Hematomas, also cried a blood tumor, caused by damage to a blood vessel that in turn causes blood to gather under the skin.

Crush injury, caused by a excellent or utmost value of coerce applied over a long time of period.

Chronic and Acute Acute alternatively traumatic wounds are the result of injuries that rend the tissue. Chronic wounds are those that are occasioned at a relatively slow process namely leads apt tissue damage. Chronic wounds include pressure, venous, and diabetic ulcers. Typically, one insufficiency in the circulation alternatively other systemic assist of the tissue causes it to fail and disintegrate. Infection then takes prop of the site and becomes a chronic inflammation. Once the infection hits a fussy point, it can scatter locally or get,nike air max 95 mens,0 systemic (sepsis).

Pathophysiology

Main article: Wound healing

To heal a wound, the body undertakes a sequence of actions collectively known as the wound healing process.

Risk factors

Almost anybody can be at a risk for developing a wound and even an infection on it. There are however some people who may have poor healing abilities favor the elderly because of declining immune system. Individuals who are malnourished or who do not dine right foods and absence vitamins, nutrients or have protein deficiency are at hazard too. Those who are chronically sick,0, bedridden or non ambulatory also have high hazard elements as well as people who have suffered lengthened corticosteroid use or have been administered a mighty immunosuppressive drug. Radiation therapy patients as well as diabetics, the obese and those that have had a stroke know next to nothing ofme sort of marginal vascular disease are also more presumable to develop some arrange of wound infection.

Management

Wound, seamed with four stitches

Treatment of recent lacerations involves checkup, cleaning, and closing the wound. If the laceration happened some time antecedent it may be allowed to heal by secondary aim deserving to the tall rate of infection with primary closure.

Cleaning

Further information: Wound licking

For easy lacerations cleaning can be accomplished using a number of another solutions including pat water, sterile saline solution, or antiseptic solution. Infection rates may be lower with the use of tap water in regions were water quality is high. Evidence for the effectiveness of any cleaning of easy wound whatsoever is restricted.

Treatment

The treatment of wounds is multidisciplinary. The treatment of wounds is essentially the same in most cases . Minor wounds like bruises will heal on their own in a little while. The skin discoloration usually disappears in 1-2 week. Abrasions which are wounds with intact skin usually require no lively treatment besides reserving the district,0 clean with soap and water. Puncture wounds can be dangerous depending on depth of penetration and usually require through cleansing, a tetanus shot and antibiotics. The entry of stab wound is usually not closed to allow for bacteria or debris to be removed from inside. These wounds need to be reassessed until entirely healed.

Lacerations caused by a knife or a sharp object need to be thoroughly cleaned and the corners trimmed. If the wounds are fresh and less than 12 hours age, they can be closed with sutures or staples. Any wound which is more than 24 hours age should be suspected to be contaminated and not closed completely. Only the deeper tissues can be resembled and the skin should be left open.

Most wash open wounds do not necessitate any antibiotics unless the wound is polluted or the bacterial civilizations are positive. Excess use of antibiotics merely leads to resistance and side effects. All open wounds should be cleaned at fewest double a daytime with warm water and soap. Once the wound is cleaned, it ought be covered with moist gauze. This should be emulated by application of dry gauze and then the wound covered with a ribbon. The purpose of a rainy to dry dressing is the following- when the wound is opened, the wet dressing will not mallet to the wound and thus ambition be fewer bitter to clear. This wet to dry method of wound treatment works in a crowd of wounds, irrespective of where the wound is situated or its size.

When the wound is clean, the surgeon may opt to close it with a skin graft. No wound is ever closed if it is suspected to be infected .

Closure

If closure of a wound is resolved upon a number of techniques can be secondhand. These include Bandaids, a Cyanoacrylate glue, staples, and sutures.

Absorbable sutures have the behalf over non absorbable sutures of no requiring removal. They are constantly accepted in children.

Complications

Bacterial infection of wound can obstruct the healing process and lead to life threatening complications. Scientists at Sheffield University have identified a way of using light to rapidly detect the presence of bacteria. They are developing a portable kit in which especially,0 charted particles ooze a light signal when bound to bacteria. Current laboratory-based observation of bacteria can take hours or even days.

Work up

Individuals who have wounds that are not healing absence to be worked up to find out,0 the causes. Many microbiological proxies can be responsible because this. The elementary work up includes analytical the wound, its extent and severity. Cultures are usually obtained either from the wound site and blood. X rays are obtained and a tetanus shot may be administered if there is any doubt almost prior vaccination

Chronic non-healing

Diversified Clinical Services Case Study Results: “Non-healing wounds of the diabetic foot are thought one of the most significant complications of diabetes, representing a important international remedial, social, and economic burden that greatly affects patient quality of life. Almost 24 million Americansne in each 12re diabetic and the disease is causing widespread disabled and death at an pestilence pace, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Of those with diabetes, 6.5 million are estimated to undergo with chronic or non-healing wounds. Associated with inadequate circulation, poorly featuring capillaries, and immobility, non-healing wounds occur maximum frequently in the elderly and in people with diabetesopulations that are sharply rising as the country ages and chronic diseases addition.

Although diabetes can ravage the body in numerous ways, non-healing ulcers on the feet and lower legs are general,0 outward manifestations of the disease. Also, diabetics often suffer from nerve damage in their feet and thighs, allowing small wounds or provocations to amplify without awareness. Given the abnormalities of the microvasculature and other side effects of diabetes, these wounds take a long time to heal and require a specialized treatment approach for appropriate healing.

As many as 25% of diabetic patients will eventually develop foot ulcers, and repetition within five years is 70%. If not aggressively remedied, these wounds can lead to amputations. It is estimated that every 30 seconds a lower limb is amputated somewhere in the earth since,0 of a diabetic wound. Amputation often triggers a downward spiral of declining quality of life,air max ltd men's, frequently leadership to disability and death. In truth, only about one third of diabetic amputees will alive,0 more than five annuals, a survival rate equivalent to that of many cancers.

Many of these lower terminal amputations can be prevented through an interdisciplinary approach to treatment involving a diversity of advanced therapies and techniques, such as debridement, hyperbaric oxygen treatment therapy, dressing culling, special shoes, and patient schooling. When wounds persist, a specialized approach is required for healing.

Outpatient wound care center

Specialized wound care are attempted in a number of nations.

History

Medieval treatment of wound with puncture grittings

From the Classical Period to the Medieval Period, the body and the marrow were deemed to be intimately joined, based on several theories put forth by the philosopher Plato. Wounds on the body were believed to link with wounds to the conscience and vice versa; wounds were seen as an outward sign of an inward ailment. Thus, a man who was wounded physically in a solemn way was said to be hindered not only physically but spiritually as well. If the conscience was wounded, that wound may likewise eventually become physically evident, revealing the true state of the soul. Wounds were also seen as book on the “tablet” of the body. Wounds gotten in war, for example, told the article of a soldier in a fashion which whole,0 could discern and comprehend, and the wounds of a martyr told the story of their belief.by Dr.Sajjad Ahmad (Hebei North Med Univ Zhangjiakou China)

See also

International Red Cross Wound Classification System

References

^ a b Fernandez R, Griffiths R (2008). “Water for wound cleansing”. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (1): CD003861. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003861.pub2. PMID 18254034. 

^ Signs of a wound infection Scrapes, and Puncture Wounds Information. Retrieved on 2010-01-27

^ Wound Infection Signs And Preventive Measures. Retrieved aboard 2010-01-27

^ “BestBets: Absorbable sutures in pediatric lacerations.”. http://www.bestbets.org/bets/bet.php?id=874. 

^ “Light to find wound infection” (network). UK scientists have identified a course of using light to rapidly detect the presence of bacteria. bodat. BBC News. 11 March 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6427787.stm. Retrieved 2008-03-17. 

^ Work Up eMedicine General Surgery. Retrieved on 2010-01-27

^ “The Clinical Case for Use of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in the Treatment of Diabetic Wounds,” Diversified Clinical Services, license 2009

^ a b Reichardt, Paul F. (1984). “Gawain and the image of the wound”. PMLA 99 (2): 154161. doi:10.2307/462158. 

External links

Look up wound in Wiktionary, the free glossary.

Wikimedia Commons has medium related to: Wounds

WOUNDS, open-access, publish and online, peer-reviewed journal featuring articles about wound care and relative research.

Ostomy Wound Management, open-access, publish and online, peer-reviewed journal featuring articles about wound care, ostomy care, incontinence care, and nutrition

Today’s Wound Clinic, the guiding journal decision producers peruse in US wound concern clinics.

Journal of Burns and Wounds, online open-access journal featuring articles about wound care and related research

US based wound healing society

Association for the Advancement of Wound Care AAWC

v  d  e

Injuries, other than fractures, dislocations, sprains and strains (S00-T14, 850-929)

Head (pate harm) and neck

Traumatic brain injury (Concussion, Diffuse axonal injury, Cerebral contusion, Epidural hematoma, Subdural hematoma, Subarachnoid hemorrhage)

Facial trauma (Black eye   Eye injury)

Thorax (breast trauma)

lung: pleural disease (Pneumothorax, Hemothorax, Hemopneumothorax)   Pulmonary contusion   Pulmonary laceration

center and circulatory: Cardiac tamponade   Commotio cordis   Hemopericardium   Traumatic aortic rupture

Abdomen, lower back,

lumbar spine and pelvis

Ruptured spleen   Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia

Shoulder and upper arm

Rotator cuff tear

Knee and leg

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General

Spinal cable injury   Brachial plexus lesion

Abrasion   Amputation   Avulsion   Bite   Blister   Bruise   Burn   Hematoma

Wound

Categories: First assistance | Injuries | Medical emergencies | TraumatologyHidden categories: Articles needing annexed references from December 2007 | All articles needing additional references
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