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Old 08-31-2011, 01:10 PM   #1
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2004年1月CET作文题目 四级作文题目:   1.建议报考的专业及理由   2.报考该专业的基本条件   3.应当如何备考   A Letter in Reply to a Friend   December 27th, 2003   Dear 范文: December 27, 2003 Dear    When it comes to which major you should choose, I propose that you apply for the major of English. To begin with, English is the most popular language in the world, which is widely used in all fields such as teaching,http://blog.yzdsb.com.cn/bd/space.ph...blog&id=600904, translation, foreign trade and so on. What's more, it goes without saying that English majors are more likely to find a good job in the tighter and tighter job market.    In order to study at English Department, you have to meet the following requirements. In the first place, you have to spend a lot of time on it, just as the old saying goes,http://rich-girl.org/forum/index.php...9766#msg169766, “Practice makes perfect”. In the second place,sweat franklin marshall, the basic skills of reading, writing, listening and speaking are necessary, because they are the foundations for your future study. Last but not the least important, you need an intense interest in learning English since “interest is the best teacher.”    As far as the preparation work is concerned, you should first of all review all the required vocabulary. In addition, you'd better spend some time on reading and writing. Only through these measures can you hope to enroll in our university. 六级作文题目:   Reduce Waste on Campus   1.有些大学校园浪费现象日益严重   2.浪费的危害   3.杜绝浪费, 从我做起 范文:    As is known to all, waste on campus has become a more and more serious problem. We can easily see many students dump a lot of food in the garbage can. Some students spend thousands of yuan buying fashionable clothes and so on.    The negative effects of waste can be shown in the following aspects. In the first place, it makes some students dependent on their parents for money, which is harmful to their development. If they don't learn to support themselves, they will be “useless people” when they graduate. In the second place, it is not easy for our parents to arrange for our schooling. Last but not the least important, there is no denying the fact that our country is still poor. There are many people who cannot go to university and many poor people still need our help.    As far as I am concerned, I should set a good example to reduce waste on campus. First of all, I will refrain from wasting anything, from food to stationery. What's more, I'm determined to call on more schoolmates to fight against waste. Only through these measures can we hope to reduce waste on campus. 2004年6月CET作文题目 四级作文题目:   Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction. You should write at least 120 words according to the following guidelines:   Your role: a tour guide   Your audience: a group of foreign tourists   Your introduction should include:   ・some welcoming words   ・ the schedule for the day   ・a description of the place the tourists will be visiting   (e.g. a scenic spot or a historical site, etc.)   You should make the introduction interesting and the arrangements for the day clear to everybody. 范文:    Good morning,canada goose, ladies and gentleman, welcome to Beijing. To begin with, I would like to introduce myself: I am the tourist guide from China Travel Service and it's great honor to stay here with all of you for a whole day. Just as the old saying goes, “It is always a pleasure to greet a friend from afar”, I wish all of you to enjoy yourselves during this trip.    The following is schedule of the day. The first spot we are going to visit is the Great Wall, the grandest fortification in ancient China. The next sight to look around is the Ming Tombs, which is one of the best-preserved tombs for 13 emperors in Ming Dynasty more than one thousand years ago. In the afternoon, we will go for the Summer Palace, the royal park for Chinese ancient emperors.    Currently we are on the way to the Great Wall. Dating back to the seven century B.C., the Great Wall is constructed by respective states for fortifying against invasion of neighboring states. By the reasons of long history and its length, it becomes one of the eight wonders in the world and represents the highest wisdom and crafts. From the top of the Great Wall, we can enjoy a magnificent view of continuous mountains, green trees and blooming wild flowers. It is no doubt that one says, “He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man”。    Above is my introduction to the Great Wall. If any of you have questions, please feel free to ask me at any time. 六级作文题目:   设想你买了一本英文词典,发现有这样那样的质量问题,书店的服务态度又不好,因此给报社编辑写信。信中 必须包括以下内容:   1、事情的起因   2、与书店交涉的经过   3、呼吁服务行业必须提高服务质量 范文: June 19, 2004 Dear Editor,       I am writing this letter to reflect some problems I came across recently and. appeal to the improvement of the service industry.    This weekend I bought an English-Chinese dictionary in a bookstore near my home since its cover is elaborately designed. But when I went home and read carefully, I found that the several pages of the dictionary have been cracked and befouled. What is worse, the misprints spread everywhere in the dictionary and seriously affect my comprehension. Since there was such damage and misprint to the dictionary, I went to the bookstore to require for a replace. But to my surprise, the staff of the bookstore turn down my request rudely and even denied the poor quality of the dictionary.    It goes without saying that today's face-paced and market-oriented economy calls for much higher standard for service industry. However, to my regret, many of the commercials fail to achieve this standard and the quality of the staff needs to be improved. It's self-evident that the poor quality of practitioners in the service industry will not only deeply disappoint customers but also hamper the development of our country's economy. As a result, I expect your newspaper to appeal to the service industry to attach more importance to the service improvement.    Thank you for your attention!                                   Sincerely yours,                                      Sam
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体育产业化_英语教学论文由英语作文网整理收集 英语作文网 www.345543.com
――国民经济新的增长点
体育,是人类一项重要的社会实践活动,体育的发展是人类文明的一个重要标志。解放后,我国对体 育投 入了大量的人力物力,体育健儿为国家赢得了巨大荣誉,doudoune moncler。国家对体育不计成本投入了大量的资源,体育在人们 的观念中也被认为是纯消费部门,是为国争光的。它投入的是物质,产出的是精神。没有人认为体育 也可成为 一个产业部门,加之计划体制下的体育发展政策,体育的社会经济功能没有得到开发。
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其实,体育活动也有市场,通过培育和开发,完全可以使体育成为国民经济体系中一个重要的产业部 门。 从近几年来国内火爆的球市和越来越多的商业体育比赛中可略见一斑。体育的产业化是社会主义市场 经济体制 改革的一部分,是我国综合国力和人民生活水平提高及国际体育商业化冲击的必然结果。
何为体育产业化
体育产业是指为满足人们日益增长的体育需求而使体育产品(劳务)进入生产、交换、消费和服务的 产业 门类。从大体育观的角度看,体育产业涵盖所有与体育相关的经济活动,如体育物质产品(体育服装 、体育器 材、体育建筑、体育食品饮料等)和体育信息产品(体育广告宣传、电视广播、报刊、体育信息的传 送等), 以及体育劳务(体育竞赛、健身娱乐、场地出租、体育旅游等)。1985年国务院批转了国家统计 局《关于建立 第三产业的统计报告》,体育被正式列入第三产业,从而使其产业性质得到了确认。我们从体育产业 的内容可 以看出体育产业是一个覆盖面非常广、产业关联度很高的产业,涉及国民经济的许多部门,如建筑业 、制造业 、交通通讯、食品卫生、信息服务、服装和旅游等。体育产业的潜在需求非常大,而且该产业是纯粹 “经营人 体”的行业,是“生命产业”。可以预计,jean diesel,它将是21世纪最为重要的产业部门之一。所谓体育产业化,就是改 革体育体制,使体育具有自我发展能力、充满活力的新机制,使体育由事业型、公益型向经营型转变 ,使其能 够向社会提供体育产品和劳务。其实质是体育思想观念的革命和制度的创新,是要在适应社会主义市 场经济的 基本要求、符合现代体育运动规律的基础上,开发体育的经济功能,把体育与经济结合起来,通过一 系列经济 行为,刺激体育产品(劳务)的需求,拓展体育市场,加快体育的产业化进程,为国民经济可持续发 展注入新 的活力。
国外体育产业的发展状况
体育产业的发展有赖于一国社会经济的发展。在西方发达的市场经济国家,体育早就成为一个产业部 门, 尤其自70年代以来,随着各国经济的发展,体育产业规模逐步扩大,体育的经济功能被不断开发, 体育产业呈 现出快速化、国际化的发展趋势。体育产业在许多国家成为国民经济的重要产业部门,有些甚至成为 支柱产业 。体育产业在这些国家的发展归纳起来主要有以下几个特点。
1.规模大,产值高。在美国,体育产业80 年代的总产值就超过600亿美元,比石油化工(533亿)、汽车( 531亿)还多,占其GNP的1.3%,居国民经济各产业部门的第22位,90年代中期的体育产值超过30 00亿美元,增 长率超过同期国内生产总值的增长率。意大利以“足球工业”为主体的体育产业,其产值在80年代 末达到24万 亿里拉(182.5 亿美元,人均320美元),跻身于国内十大经济部门,现在约为500亿美元,vetement ralph lauren。英国80年代末的体 育产值为68.5亿英镑,政府从体育产业中得到的税收有24亿英镑,chaussure pas cher,相当于政府用于体育投资的5倍。其他发达国 家如法国、 德国、日本等国家的体育产业都有相当庞大的规模。90年代以来,由于体育对经济的促进作用日益 明显,一些发达国家已提出“国民体育总产值”的概念。
2.从业人员多,影响大。体育产业是个庞大的经济部门。如美国有近百万各种职业运动员,从事与体育 产 业有关的人员达数百万人,而业余时间经常参加体育锻炼的人员达1.8亿, 美国的“三大球”――棒球、橄榄 球和篮球运动,每年吸引了数以亿计的爱好者观看参与,birkenstock pas cher。我国香港的赛马会每年吸引了数百万市民参与,其下 注额为1000多亿港元,平均每人2.3万港元,为政府带来大量收入。 发达国家的体育赛事已成为人们日常生活 中不可缺少的一部分,ralph lauren pas cher,牵动了亿万人心,为整个社会的经济和文化生活注入了巨大的活力。
3.涉及面广,产业关联度高。现代体育是一项意义深远、影响重大的社会活动,它吸引了众多行业部门 的 参与。世界许多著名的跨国公司如可口可乐公司、飞利浦公司都和体育结下了不解之缘。大型的综合 运动会是 一项庞杂的系统工程,它涉及交通通讯、电视广告、场馆建设等许多环节。1964年的东京奥运会和1988年 的汉 城奥运会为日本和韩国带来了经济发展的良好机遇,成为其经济起飞的标志。
4.国际化趋势。伴随着全球经济一体化的进程,现代体育产业正越来越多地走向国际化经营,形成了许 多 像阿迪达斯和耐克等著名的跨国公司。我国足球甲A联赛的冠名权被万宝路集团买下, 足协杯比赛由飞利浦公 司赞助,这对于我国球市的快速发展起到了巨大的推动作用。
可见,体育产业在发达国家已成为名副其实的重要经济部门,是国民经济体系中不可或缺的重要组成 部分 。
我国体育产业的发展及对策
体育部门是一个以特殊的生产方式为其特征的经济部门。在过去相当长的时期内,我国体育和经济的 关系 ,表现为体育和财政之间的关系,体育是纯消费部门。国家财政对体育投入的多少,既影响了体育事 业发展和 增长的速度与结构,又间接地决定了体育增长对经济增长影响力的大小。而财政对体育投入的比例与 结构,除 了意识形态、观念和国家的体育政策外,经济总量是一个决定性的因素。体育产业是建立在社会经济 发展基础 上的,并与社会经济结构和发展水平相互协调,其管理体制、运行机制、发展规模与水平依赖于一个 国家的体 制结构和经济发展水平。客观而论,体育作为一个经济部门,在我国的国民经济体系中,尚未成为一 个独立完 善的产业。体育产业的发展壮大有赖于体育市场的培育和发展,培育市场就应该从影响市场形成和发 展的因素 来做文章,只有这样,才能运用市场机制合理配置和高效利用体育资源,提高体育事业为社会服务的 整体效能 ,lunette de soleil。现阶段我国的人均收入水平有很大提高,群众的闲暇时间增多,对于体育产品(劳务)的需求将会 越来越多 。在这种情况下,不失时机地把一些群众基础好、易于形成市场需求的体育产品推向市场,是体育产 业化的必 由之路。体育不应该只是消耗国家资源的部门,集刻苦、拼搏、艺术健身与振奋民族精神于一体的体 育产业, 应该成为国民经济可持续发展的新增长点,chaussures tod's
我国体育的产业化进程,目前正处于起步阶段,整个体育行业部门还仅仅处于场地出租和有偿指导等 浅层 次的经营阶段。体育作为一个经济部门,其规模、结构和层次都没有达到一个完善成熟的产业部门的 水平,体 育的经济功能还远远没有开发出来。可喜的是,中央和许多地方政府已经认识到这一点,http://www.kongzhi.com.cn/bbstest/ho...blog&id=621769,chaussures paul smith,并在逐步改善这种局 面。如上海市1995年体育产业的创收达1亿元人民币,上海市的许多体育部门, 通过产业化经营,已完全具备 自我生存和发展的能力。1997年,以举办八运会为契机,上海市对全市的体育事业进行了全方位 的改革,力争 到下世纪初使其成为第三产业的支柱行业。我国其他一些省市也采取各种政策措施,加快体育的产业 化进程。 但总的说来,目前我国的体育产业水平与国情不相协调。针对目前的状况,笔者认为可先从以下几个 方面入手 。
1.国家今后在制定产业政策时,应对体育部门有所倾斜,给予税收和其他方面的支持,以鼓励体育生产 经 营部门的发展,lunette de soleil
2.在投资体制方面,应变单纯依靠国家财政拨款为体育部门自身创收、社会集资并举,同时注意引进外 资 ,以形成多元化的投资体制。
3.推行运动项目的行业协会制和俱乐部制,建立社会化的群众体育组织网络,polo ralph lauren,形成全方位的社会共办体育 的格局。
4.要培育和完善体育市场,逐步建立体育商品劳务和信息市场,形成全方位市场体系。
5.要加强体育经济理论的研究,培养一批既懂体育、又懂经营管理的人才,满足体育产业经营不断发展 的 需要。
6.加快体育的职业化进程,这是体育产业化的必经之路。其重要特征,一是组织者必须是企业法人,如 俱 乐部等;二是运动员是商品,即运动员可以像其他生产要素一样自由流动,只有这样,才能真正提高 运动员技 术水平,提高体育部门的经营效益。
当前,我国的经济发展水平还不太高,不可能对所有项目进行全方位的改革。最好的办法是寻找一个 突破 口,由点及面,通过培育若干个有影响体育项目的市场,刺激对体育的需求,进而扩大到其他项目, 形成体育 的产业化格局。
体育产业在我国还是一个年轻的产业门类。相信随着我国经济的进一步发展和人民生活水平的提高, 一定 会有更多的人从事体育运动,关心体育事业,体育一定会成为21世纪我国重要的产业部门。 4XT淘范文网
体育产业化_英语教学论文由英语作文网整理收集 英语作文网 www.345543.com
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