hypothesis of this study is a clear property rights and operational autonomy of the joint-stock companies have needed psychological quality is more suitable for
socialist market economy need a leader of the psychological qualities. In order to confirm that hypothesis, we extracted three different companies in the top 30 in the leader, after a survey of four kinds of questionnaires or tests, within the scope of this study found that: joint-stock companies in the top leadership in the sense of time, decision-making risk
sense , management decision-making style, management responsibility of the four psychological quality more in line with the market economy needs the business leaders of the psychological quality, the results confirmed the research hypothesis.
Keywords: mental quality
a joint-stock companies, introduction
in the fierce market competition, enterprises to survive and develop,
tory burch outlet, to succeed, it must capture the market. Obviously, this task is duty-bound to fall on the shoulders of business leaders. This is because the leader is the power of the owner. With the power to control and influence an enterprise's organizational leaders deciding the target, members of the Association within the group to adjust the relationship between , can recruit staff to give employees incentives or punishment; can also be fired or promoted employees ... .... This leadership role is the leader's influence.
business leaders of influence u> factors which cause it to be the leader of the leaders have a sense of awe, respect and obey the sense of a sense of influence, this influence clearly is superior granted, and is mandatory. Rather than the power of influence is on the contrary, it is by emotional factors, knowledge factors, factors and personality factors can cause it to be a leader who will feel a sense of leadership, a sense of dependence, sense of admiration and respect and love a sense of influence . Thus, the non-power influence is essentially the leader of the psychological qualities. Clearly, the psychological qualities mentioned here are from the management
Psychology to test for.
Western the psychological community have done years of research, that the reference value of the leader's psychological qualities are: high achievement motivation; highly motivated; the higher the positive attitude; strong organizational skills; decisive decision-making capacity; self-evaluation capacity; very active and positive struggle; have a sense of crisis; of reality has a strong orientation; and supervisors feel the same; to get rid of parental control; loyalty to the company's goals.
These psychological qualities are the product of a certain organization or choice situation, specifically, is not necessarily a product of the market economy non-market economy, business leaders as well. In other words, different organizations leading the psychological situation of the quality requirements are different, which requires a different psychological qualities of leaders of different organizations to meet the needs of situations, or situations of different organizations have different mental quality leader.
Now, China is in the planned economic system the transition to a socialist market economic system, stage,
tory burch outlet, manifested in:
some enterprises are still the planned economy of,
resources The configuration is based on
country plans to issue instructions to the enterprise's property rights are unclear,
love bracelet cartier, and there is no independent right to operate, the implementation of management is Such companies, known as the first company here.
Some companies are emerging from the shackles of a planned economy, and actively carried out
reform , the company changed into joint-stock company or group of companies. However, because property rights are unclear, the right to operate their own lack of higher
Chief sector interventions too. In this study, called the second company.
some enterprises with independent property rights and is a clear right to operate a joint-stock enterprises, which not only sheltered from the planned economy, nor the higher authorities to do her mother. To accept the challenge of competing in a market economy, such enterprises to benefit as the life. This class of companies, called third-class enterprises.
the three types of enterprise system must have the appropriate organizational context of different psychological qualities of leaders to meet their needs. The study assumed that there is a clear property rights and operational autonomy of the joint-stock company needed psychological quality of leadership is more suited to the needs of socialist market economy, the leader of the psychological qualities.
previously listed a successful leader in a market economy are generally the psychological quality of twelve items. But these are not necessarily applicable to all companies of every leader. Thus, to explore China's market economy, the business leaders of the psychological quality is a huge and time-consuming project. According to our preliminary investigation, the following business leaders is the quality of the psychological transition to a socialist market economy must have, they are: a sense of time; making risk awareness; management decision-making style; management responsibility; achievement motivation.
We believe that leadership is a group concept, this group can be divided into upper, middle and lower three levels. Leaders are engaged in the lower
technology work, and the top are the main part of the leadership group, therefore, our study is in the top leadership.
Second, the method
study:
1. state-owned enterprises, a premium railway station, belonging to the first class enterprise.
2. domestic joint ventures in a hotel, the unit by the Ministry of Railways, Railway Bureau, a city
International travel agents have three 1 / 3 of property rights and the composition of the joint venture. The second category is business.
3. joint-stock company, a Shanghai Industrial Co., Ltd., belongs to the aforementioned third-class enterprise.
sample size:
grouped according to natural methods for each type of extraction 30, the top leader as the study subjects.
measurement tools:
1. prepared using Li Zhiming, Chinese business leaders working week questionnaire, the timing of three business leaders, and to use Li Zhiming norm as a reference point, analysis three types of business leaders time concept.
2. the use of self,
3. the use of Alan J. Row The survey of each project A, B, C, D four topics;
A type of option on behalf of the instructions: In general, people with this style is arbitrary, and need power. They do not need
information and the options available, but need is speed and satisfying things. They note that the internal affairs of the organization, short-term plans or goals, demanding control.
B option represents the analysis type: can tolerate ambiguous or vague things, require more information and to consider different options. A typical analysis is able to adapt to the type and respond to new conditions, in solving problems,
ghd planchas, try to seek the best solution. This emphasis on the effect of a leader, a good challenge, creative, good at abstract thinking and deductive thinking.
C option represents the concept type: emphasis on systematic, attention to information and data, like to watch a long detailed report, to consider a variety of options available; trust in subordinates, who frankly, jointly developed with the goal of subordinates. Most of these leaders is the pursuit of advocates the recognition of subordinates, allowed to work independently; use in the system, do not rely on the control orders.
D option represents the type of behavior: concern for subordinates and support them, and they are willing to discuss issues; welcome suggestions and enthusiasm of people to advise the replacement of compulsory orders; attention to human factors, not the implementation of strict control.
4. the use of Professor Dai Zhongheng revised K · Davis to provide the The use of the survey has 23 items, calculate the index of personal management responsibilities MRI, can also be calculated for each project management responsibility index MRI.
5. using W · G · Scott
Third, the results and analysis
three types of business leaders working hours per week allocated more:
business leaders of the three categories of working hours per week sorting the results of the questionnaire are listed in Table 1. .
Table 1 three types of business leaders and the norm of work per week allocated more
we can see, C class business leaders ① weekly working time is less than the other two types of enterprises , but higher than the norm; ② used to increase enterprise efficiency focus on the program summary and daily affairs of the total number of hours is 57.28, 7.95% of total hours, while the Class A business only 11.37 hours, the total number of hours 14.5% is the national norm is only 17.21 hours, when the total number of 28.59%; ③ for meetings and entertainment for only 4.1 hours, 5.58% of total number of hours, while the Class A business is as high as 63.69 hours, when the total number of 81.28%, the national norm is 27.17 hours, when the total number of 45.14%.
three types of risk awareness of business leaders, decision-making:
Joint-stock company under market economy conditions the quality of leadership psychology *
market Economy under the conditions of joint-stock companies leader
psychology the quality of research *
Dong Yunxiong / Qin Qigeng
Dongyun Xiong Shanghai Shenhua Industrial Co., Ltd.
Qin Qigeng Shanghai Railway Bureau
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