South Africa is located in the southern hemisphere
Republic of South Africa, located in the southernmost tip of the African continent, between latitude 22 degrees to 35 degree and 17 degrees east longitude and 33 degrees, the land area of 1219,090 square kilometers, equivalent to the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, France and Germany, and the area of the five countries, China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region than a small, slightly larger than the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The east, south and west and the Atlantic Ocean on three sides surrounded by the Indian Ocean, north of Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Swaziland borders. Chinese name: English name of the Republic of South Africa: The Republic of South Africa abbreviation: South Africa belongs to Africa: Africa Capital: Pretoria, Cape Town, Bloemfontein major cities: Cape Town Country Code: ZAF National leaders: Jacob Zuma Population: 49,100,000 (2010) Land Area: 1,219,090 square kilometers GDP Total: $ 313,300,000,000 (2010) Per capita GDP: 6532 USD (2010)
directory Country name Republic of South Africa National Anthem National Emblem National Flag National President of the capital Stone holiday time zone geographical geological features the official language of the administrative divisions of climate population, the political and economic history of the gold mining industry, agriculture, fisheries tourism transportation communications Press served as foreign policy, fiscal and financial foreign national politicians successive Governors Former Prime Minister of the President of military sports people's lives in South Africa a wide range of cultural and educational overview of Chinese education, especially to remind South Africa - News Post Bar album country name Republic of South Africa Republic of South Africa (The Republic of South Africa)
South African flag
flag 3 1994 15 South Africa multi-party Transitional Executive Council approved the new flag. New national flag is rectangular in shape, length and width ratio of about 3:2, from the black, yellow, green, red, white and blue geometric patterns constitute a six-color, a symbol of racial reconciliation and national unity. Symbol of a bright future sun emblem; wings of God on behalf of the bird, a symbol of the strength of defense; kaleidoscope-like pattern symbolizes the beautiful land, the revival of Africa and the strength of the national emblem of South Africa Republic of South Africa set
emblem
; replace the spear with both feet on the bird and the head symbol of peace and the defense bar and sovereignty; drum-shaped coat of arms symbolizes the spirit of abundance and defense; shield the stone from the well-known symbol of unity, the art of figure design; wheat symbol abundance, growth, development potential, food and clothing and agricultural characteristics of the people; ivory symbol of wisdom, strength, moderation and eternity; both sides of the ivory is the text between the The national anthem in May 1995, South Africa adopted a new national anthem, the new national anthem with the Zulu, Hausa philosophy, Sutuo, English and Dutch in South Africa written in 5 languages, including former national anthem the whole song 1 minute 35 seconds long, and the original national anthem, Original national anthem called Songs by the black pastor Nuoke Sang Tonga composed in 1897, the first time in 1912, the National Assembly on the indigenous people of South Africa as a black nationalist like singing out, in Africa, welcomed by the majority of blacks.
Jacob Zuma
President of South Africa's current president, Jacob Zuma (Jakob Zuma), 2009 年 5 took office, the end of racist rule in South Africa since the 4th President, Prime Minister and Cabinet Vice President Kgalema Motlanthe, Honorary Life President Nelson Mandela Raleigh Hera Hera. Capital of South Africa is the world's only three capitals of countries simultaneously. Administrative Capital: Pretoria (Pletolia is now known as Tshwane Tshwane) is the seat of the Central Government of South Africa, population 200 million; legislative capital: Cape Town (Kape Town) is the South African Parliament is located, is the second largest city and an important port, situated in the southwest end of the channel as an important crossroads of international shipping, population 300 million; judicial capital: Bloemfontein (Bloemfontein) the location of the national judicial bodies, population 50 million.
South Africa
Time Zone Eastern State Stone Diamond II Human Rights Day holiday: Independence Day March 21: May 31 (1961) National Day: May 31 (1961) Freedom Day: 4 27 (1964) [1] Youth Day: June 16th (commemorating the Soweto massacre in 1976) Mandela Day: July 18 National Women's Day: 9 August Heritage Day: September 24 Oath Date: December 26 (Afrikaner people's festival, the Zulu people call it reconciliation) official language of South Africa has 11 official languages, namely: English, Afrikaner language (South Africa Netherlands language) Zulu, Xhosa, Si Peidi language, Tswana, Sotho, Tsonga, Swazi, Venda and Ndebele. According to demographic survey, South Africa ranked as the top five languages: Zulu (30%), Xhosa (18%), Afrikaner language (14%), Si Peidi language (9%), English (9 %). Geographical geological features in the southern African continent, north of Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Swaziland. East, south and west sides are surrounded by the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, located between two oceans shipping hub, the location is very important. The southwest side of the Cape of Good Hope route, has always been the world's one of the busiest sea lanes, the An area of 1,221,038 square kilometers, a coastline of 2,500 kilometers. Throughout most of the more than 600 meters above sea level altitude. Stretching southeastern Drakensberg Mountains, Cass up to 3660 m Everest, the highest point of the country; northwestern desert, is part of the Kalahari Basin; northern, central and southwestern plateau; is Zhaixia coastal plain. Orange River and the Limpopo River into two major rivers. Climate is tropical grassland climate in most parts of the east coast as tropical humid climate, the southern coast of the Mediterranean climate. Divided into four seasons climate throughout the 4th quarter. December ~ January for the summer, maximum temperatures can reach 32 ~ 38 ℃; 6 ~ 8 months is winter, minimum temperature of -10 ~ -12 ℃. Annual precipitation of 1,000 mm from the east to the west gradually reduced to 60 mm, an average of 450 mm. Pretoria annual average temperature of 17 ℃. Population 49,100,000 (2010), with black, white, colored and Asians four races, respectively, 79.3% of the total population, 9.1%, 9.0% and 2.6%. Blacks are Zulu, Xhosa, Swazi, Tswana, Northern Sotho, South Africa and South Africa in Africa
location
care, Tsonga, Venda, Ndebele, etc. 9 tribes, the main use of Bantu. Dutch origin, mainly white Afrikaner people (approximately 57%) and white British origin (39%), language Afrikaner and English. About 3.79 million people of color, the colonial whites, mestizos of indigenous people and descendants of slaves, mainly using the Afrikaner language. About 1.09 million Asians, mainly Indians (90%) and Chinese. There are 11 official languages, English and Afrikaner language (Dutch, South Africa) is widely spoken. White, most of the color black and 60% of the Christian Protestant or Catholic; Asians, Hindu 60%, 20% Muslim; some blacks believe in primitive religion. Country is divided into nine administrative divisions of provinces: Eastern Cape, Western Cape, Northern Cape, KwaZulu / Natal,
South Africa
Free State, Northwest, Northern, Mpumalanga, ho board. Provinces have legislation, the power of appointment and removal of public officials, the province is responsible for economic, financial and taxation affairs. Adopted in 2000, according to Is the earliest history of the indigenous San, Khoi, and later migrated to the south of the Bantu. 1652 the Dutch invaded, launching many of the local black colonial war. 19th century British invasion began, in 1806, seizing the Republic of Moldova. South Africa in 1867 and 1886 after the discovery of diamonds and gold, large numbers of European immigrants arrived. The British through the May 1910 Britain will Cape Province, Transvaal, Natal and Orange Free State province, merged into Union of South Africa, became a British self-governing. May 31, 1961, South Africa quit the Commonwealth, established the Republic of South Africa. South Africa's white authorities in the country long-term legislative and administrative measures to implement the policy of racial discrimination and apartheid, has issued hundreds of
racism in South Africa
meaning of laws and decrees. KMT in 1948 after the full implementation of apartheid, repression against the people of South Africa's struggle by the international community's condemnation and sanctions. In 1989, de Klerk as the KMT leader and president, to implement political reform, abolition of the ban on black liberation organizations, and the release of Nelson Mandela and others. In 1991, the ANC, the South African government, the Kuomintang and other parties to a political settlement in South Africa 19, held multi-party negotiations, and in 1993 an agreement on political transition. 4 May 1994, South Africa held its first general election participation by race, held its first non-racial elections in South Africa, the ANC and South African Communist Party, the South African Congress of Trade Unions formed 62.65% of the tripartite alliance and to win a majority, Mandela became South Africa's first black president, the ANC, the Kuomintang, the Inkatha Freedom Party formed government of national unity. This marks the end of apartheid and democracy, equality and the birth of the new South Africa. June 23, 1994, South Africa, United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution in the General Assembly seat restored. December 1996, South African President Nelson Mandela signed the new constitution for the future establishment of a new national system of racial equality laid a legal foundation. Politics November 18, 1993, South Africa multi-party negotiations, the draft interim constitution adopted in April 27, 1994 came into effect. This is the first book on South African history, the Constitution embodies racial equality. May 8, 1996, the new draft constitution by the Constituent Assembly, the draft revised October 7 after the formal adoption, and in December 4 by the Constitutional Court for approval. December 10, President Mandela signed the decree approving new constitution, the new constitution in 1997, construction started in phases Republic of South Africa (20) facilities. New constitution retained the interim constitution bill of rights, separation of powers system, the federal government management system and the existing judicial system a major constitutional principles and content. The main changes to the interim constitution, the 1999 election, the political parties will share power proportionately to the general election the majority party to govern alone. The new Constitution, regardless of race, ######, religion, equality before the law. Judiciary by the Constitutional Court, Supreme Court, High Court, the District Court and the State Attorney General and prosecutors at all levels of composition. The Constitutional Court interprets the Constitution as the highest judicial body; the Supreme Court as constitutional affairs than the highest judicial body; State Attorney General is responsible to the Minister of Justice, High Court prosecutors corresponding to each set; at all levels of the prosecution to the courts to prosecute . Legislature House by the National Assembly and local composition. Parliament is divided into the National Assembly and the provincial National Commission, a total of 400 National Assembly seats, 200 seats through the national general elections, and the other 200 seats in the provincial election. The Government is divided into central, provincial and local levels, 5-year term, the implementation of presidential cabinet system, the president elected by the voters, the Prime Minister and the Deputy President of the Cabinet, appointed by the president of the National Assembly majority leader in production, to the President, the other not more than 27 also increased from the President appoints ministers. Not more than two-term presidency. Much of the main non-state national unity government to pursue reconciliation, stability, development of policies to appropriately deal with ethnic conflicts, the full implementation of social change, the implementation of efforts to improve the black political, economic and social status, achieved by the white regime to the multi-ethnic coalition government, a smooth transition. In 1996, the KMT government of national unity out, the ANC-led tripartite alliance basically to govern alone. ANC political
continue to pursue racial reconciliation in South Africa
policy, striving to maintain social stability, and constantly improve the social status of blacks and the living standards, won successive elections in 1999 and 2004. In 2007, proposed the building of the ANC In 2008, the South African political situation changed significantly. September 21, President Thabo Mbeki (Thabo Mbeki) has resigned. September 25, the National Assembly elections the ANC leader Kgalema Motlanthe mate (Kgalema Mothlante) as the new president. November, some former cabinet and local officials from the ANC, and the other the establishment of People's Congress. April 22, 2009, held the fourth democratic elections in South Africa. ANC 65.9% of the vote to win re-election victory in the National Assembly, and in addition to outside of the Western Cape Province, eight provincial council elections. Opposition Democratic Alliance made the Western Cape provincial council election victory. May 6, the National Assembly elections the ANC leader Zuma, the South's new president. 【1994】 Constitution Interim Constitution of South Africa reflects the history of a racial equality constitution. In 1996, on the basis of the interim constitution drafting a new constitution was formally approved and implemented in phases in 1997. Constitution provides for executive, legislative, judicial separation of powers system, the central, provincial and local governments are interdependent and every one in his right. Constitution Bill of Rights (Bill of Right) is known as the cornerstone of democracy in South Africa, a clear protection of civil rights. Preamble to the National Assembly to amend the constitution to be three-quarters of members and six provinces in the province, through the State Council; amend other provisions of the Constitution shall be members of the National Assembly by two thirds; as part of constitutional provisions related to provincial matters, to be in the provincial Department of State through six provinces. Republic of South Africa scenery (18) 【】 bicameral parliament, divided into the National Assembly and provincial level Affairs Committee (Provincial Department of State), for a term of 5 years. This Council by the April 2009 meeting of the National and Provincial Assembly elections 9. A total of 400 National Assembly seats, of which 200 seats allocated according to the results of national elections,
womens timberland multi colored boot, and the other 200 seats allocated according to the provincial election results. The ANC won 264 seats, 65.9%, Democratic Alliance 67 seats, 30 seats People's Congress, Inkatha Freedom Party 18 seats, independent Democratic Party, United Democratic Movement, New Freedom Front 4 seats each, and the remaining seats from the African Christian Democratic Party, etc. possession of political parties. National Assembly Speaker Marxist West Sulu (Max Sisulu, ANC). State Council a total of 90 provincial representatives, 10 representatives from each province, of which 6 were the permanent representatives of the Special Representative of the governor and other 4 persons. Provincial Department of State main Ximuningwa? Johannes? Mahe Lan Gu (Mninwa Johannes Mahlangu, ANC). South African National Assembly and provincial government departments and the State Council set up under the corresponding special committee of the Interim Committee and House and Senate Joint Committee. Judiciary】 【basic judicial system is divided into courts, criminal justice and the prosecution three major systems. Court by the Constitutional Court, Supreme Court of Appeal, the High Court, the District Court and so on. Constitutional Court Sangdi Lai Engezuobo (Sandile Ngcobo). Chief Justice of the Court of Cassation Sim Lake Patty (Lex Mpati). Qi Xi Meila Attorney General in the door (Menzi Simelane). 【】 Multi-party system of political parties. The National Assembly has 13 parties.
South Africa
(1) African National Congress (Aflikan National Kongress of South Aflika): referred to the ANC, the main ruling party, the largest black nationalist political party. Advocate the establishment of a unified, democratic and racial equality a new South Africa, led the struggle against racism in South Africa. Founded in 1912, its current name in 1925, with 62 million members. Has long advocated non-violent struggle. South African authorities in 1960 was declared 1961 decided to launch the armed struggle, the establishment of In 1962, Nelson Mandela and others were arrested. The ANC in extremely difficult conditions persist in the struggle to obtain a wide range of sympathy and support at home and abroad, has become South Africa's most influential black liberation organizations. 80 years after the struggle to adjust strategy to determine the political settlement of the South African constitutional negotiations, issues and strategic flexibility, a smooth transition process in South Africa played a key role. April 1994 to become the ruling party. December 1997 held its 50th National Congress leader Nelson Mandela resigned from office, led by Thabo Mbeki elected to the new collective leadership. In June 1999 the new South Africa won the second election, again, to stay in power. December 2002 held its 51 th National Congress, Mbeki reelected leader. In 2004, the third general election,
asics mini cooper, the ANC won 69.68% votes, reelected to power. December 2007 held its 52 th National Congress, Jacob Zuma was elected party leader, deputy leader Kgalema Motlanthe, the National Main Xibalaika Mbete (Baleka Mbeti), General Secretary Gewei de Manta Xie (Gwede Mantashe). In April 2009 the fourth election, the ANC 65.9% of the vote to win re-election victory in the National Assembly, to stay in power. (2) Democratic Alliance (Demokratic Alliance): the largest opposition party. Formerly known as the Democratic Party, in June 2000 with the new KMT changed to its present name after the merger. Key members were white, on behalf of Anglo-white business and financial interests. The white October 2001, the new KMT out Democratic Union. To expand the power, the strategic shift NLD, committed to the establishment, including black, white people, including members of political parties. September 2003, and the black political parties, the Inkatha Freedom Party formed a In April 2009 the fourth general election, winning 16.66% of the National Assembly election ballot, was 67 seats. In the Western Cape provincial council elections won 52% of the vote, won the right to govern the province. Leaders Hailunqile (Helen Zille). (3) People's Congress (Kongress of the People): 2008 年 11 month from some former senior officials from the Cabinet and local government formed after the ANC. Advocate the establishment of true regardless of race, class and gender discrimination is not the people of political parties, reform the current electoral system and appointment system for government officials; to develop agriculture and labor-intensive export-oriented industries; strong fight against crime, foster awareness of social security. In April 2009 the fourth presidential election, won 7.42% votes of the National Assembly elections,
Asics Men's Mid Runner, 30 seats were to become the third largest party in parliament. Mr Mok Silva Lekota (Mosiuoa Lekota). (4), IFP (Inkatha Freedom Party): in KwaZulu / Natal region Zulu-based black nationalist political party. Formerly known as To secure for the purpose of black liberation, South Africa, through peaceful negotiations to resolve the problem. April 1994 vote in national elections in third place, into the national unity government. After 1996 in KwaZulu / Natal Province in power. Continue to participate in 1999, the Central Government after the election, with the ANC in KwaZulu / Nano Province coalition. September 2003 and formed the Democratic Alliance, the status of the province's largest party. In April 2009 the fourth general election, winning 4.55% of the National Assembly election ballot, was 18 seats; in KwaZulu / Nano provincial council elections, the vote to drop further to 20.5%. Qi 曼戈苏图布 Terai leaders (Mangosuthu Buthelezi). (5) South African Communist Party (South Aflikan Kommunist Party): with the ANC, the South African Congress of Trade Unions formed a Its members to run for election as ANC members, the cabinet. July 1921 set up. South African authorities in 1950 was declared February 1990 to regain legal status. Always will be the realization of communism as its ultimate goal, adhere to the complete liberation as the goal of black nationalist revolution. July 2007 held its 12th Congress. General Secretary Brad Enqimande (Blade Nzimande), 2009 年 5 月 as Minister of Higher Education. (6) United Democratic Movement (United Demokratic Movement): 1997 年 9 was established, the new movement is the former process and the merger of the National Consultative Forum on cross-racial political party. June 1999 elections to become the fifth largest party. Won election in 2004, 2.28% of the vote, won six seats in the National Assembly to become the fourth largest political party. In April 2009 the fourth presidential election, won the National Assembly Election 1% of the votes, won four seats. President Class 图霍罗米萨 (Bantubonke Holomisa). In addition, there are other political parties independent of the Democratic Party (Independent Demokrats),
South Africa
New Freedom Front (Freedom Front Plus), the African Christian Democratic Party (Aflikan Christian Democratic Party), the United Christian Democratic Party (United Christian Democratic Party), General Assembly of Pan (Pan Aflikanist Kongress of Azania), a small number of Front (Minority Front), Azanian People's Organization (Azanian People's Organization), African Conference (African People's Convention) and so on. 【VIP】 Jacob Zuma: president. 1942 students. Born poor, had not received formal education. Joined the ANC in 1958, 1963 by the white regime of 10 years imprisonment, after a long exile abroad. Former ANC intelligence director, the Deputy General Secretary, National President, Kwame / nano governor. Mate in 1997 was elected ANC leader. 1999-2005 Vice-President. December 2007 was elected ANC leader. May 2009 was elected president. Worked with local officials on the identity 1996,1998, 2004, to Vice President status in 2008 as the ANC leader's visit to China. Kgalema Motlanthe: Vice President. 1949 students. Early years of exile, Robben Island. Before the establishment of the new South Africa was the National Mining Union general secretary and ANC Chairman Gauteng Region. The ANC in 1997 was elected general secretary in 2002 re-election. December 2007 was elected leader of the ANC mate. September 2008 to succeed Mbeki as president until his resignation in May 2009. Zuma became president, vice president appointed by night. Nelson Mandela: former President, former leader of the ANC, the famous black leaders. Born in 1918, tribal chiefs 特兰斯凯乌 Mu Tata regional Taneum family. Youth to join in the cause of black liberation, and this succession of chiefs to give up position. Participate in the ANC in 1944 and served as the ANC Youth League national secretary, National President, leaders of non-state mate. Involved in the creation in 1961, the ANC military organization, June 1962 arrest. June 1963 of Released in February 1990, March 2nd mate re-elected ANC leader, was elected leader in July 1991. Became president in May 1994. December 1997 resigned from the ANC leadership positions. Retired after the 1999 general elections. His major works include South Africa in 1993, when President de Klerk shared the Nobel Peace Prize. In 2009, South Africa July 18 Birthday Man set to 【Overview】 economy of South Africa belonged to the middle-income developing countries, but also the most economically developed countries in Africa (according to Chinese Foreign Ministry website). Very rich in natural resources. Finance, a relatively complete legal system, communications, transportation, energy, and good infrastructure. Mining, manufacturing, agriculture and services are the four pillars of the economy, deep mining techniques is a world leader. But the national economic sectors, uneven regional development, urban and rural, black and white features dual economy significantly. Early 80s of last century to the early 90s affected by international sanctions and economic recession. The new South African government developed a Launched in 1996, gradually change the distribution of unreasonable situation. Implemented in 2006, Since the founding of the new South Africa in 1994, average annual economic growth of 3%, 200
South Africa
5 years to 2007, more than 5%. 2008 by the international financial crisis, South Africa's economic growth is slowing down, to 3.1%. In response to financial crisis, the South since the December 2008 cut interest rates 6 times since, and the introduction of incremental tax cuts to stimulate investment and consumption, strengthening the comprehensive policy of social protection measures to curb the momentum of the economic downturn. In the government's economic stimulus measures and international economic environment improves joint action in 2009, the South African economy gradually recovered to the good, the four-quarter economic growth was -7.4%, -2.8%, 0.9% and 3.2%. Economic growth in the first quarter of 2010 of 4.6%. In addition, the Yugoslav government in April 2010 has come into operation on the GDP: 313.3 billion U.S. dollars GDP per capita: $ 6,532 GDP growth rate: -1.8% Currency: rand exchange rate (April 2010 average): 1 U.S. dollar = inflation rate of 7.3 rand ( March 2010 average): 5.1% official unemployment rate (May 2010): 24.2% Mining South Africa good infrastructure, abundant resources, is one of the world's five major minerals, a higher degree of economic openness. GDP per capita in 2009 was $ 5,824. Mining, manufacturing and agriculture are the three pillars of the economy, deep mining technology in a leading position in the world. Level of development of national economic sectors, regional distribution is uneven, unequal income distribution. South Africa's rich mineral resources known to the world, has proven reserves of mineral and mining more than 70 gold, platinum group metals, manganese, vanadium, chromium, silicon aluminate of the reserves in the first in the world, vermiculite, zirconium, titanium, fluorspar in second place, phosphate, antimony in fourth place, uranium, lead and ranks fifth, coal, zinc ranks eighth, ninth ranking iron ore, copper ranks fourteenth. Diamonds, asbestos, copper, vanadium, uranium and coal, iron,
Vibram Fivefingers Kso Brown Mens Shoes, titanium, mica, lead, the reserves are also very rich in gold, diamonds, vanadium, manganese, chromium, antimony, uranium, asbestos production tops in the world. Rich resources, cheap labor, coupled with advanced management, making South Africa become the most economically developed countries in Africa. Mining, manufacturing, construction and energy industry is South Africa's four major industrial sectors, mineral exports account for 50% of export earnings, and about 12% of the workforce engaged in the mining industry. According to the South African Bureau of Mines statistics, 2007 has proven reserves of mineral resources: gold 36,000 tons (accounting for 40.1% of total world reserves, the same below), platinum group metals 70,000 tons (87.7%), Mn 4 billion tons (80 %), vanadium 12 million tons (32%), vermiculite and 80 million tons (40%), chromium 5.5 billion tons (72.4%), 341,000 tons of uranium (7.2%), 27.981 billion tons of coal (6.1%) , 1.5 billion tons of iron ore (0.9%), Ti 244 million tons (16.9%), zirconium 14 million tons (19.4%), fluorspar 80 million tons (16.7%), 2.5 billion tons of phosphate (5.0%) 20 million tons of antimony (4.7%), lead 300 million tons (2.0%), zinc 15 million tons (3.3%), copper 13 million tons (1.4%). Industrial manufacturing, construction, energy, industry and mining are the four major South African industrial sector. Manufacturing a complete range of advanced technology, the output value of about 16% of the gross domestic product. Manufacturing a complete range of advanced technology. The main products include iron and steel, metal products, chemicals, transport equipment, machinery manufacturing, food processing, textiles, clothing and so on. Iron and steel industry is the backbone of the manufacturing sector in South Africa, with six iron and steel company, more than 130 steel companies. South Africa has become the world's largest gold producer and exporter. The more developed the electric power industry, power generation accounts for 60% of all of Africa. Manufacturing a complete range of advanced technology, the output value of about 16% of the gross domestic product. Rapid development of construction industry output value accounted for about 3.8% of GDP. 1994-1999, the South African government raised a total of 12.5 billion rand investment in the construction of low cost housing,
South Africa
to ease the housing problems of black urban residents. In recent years, South Africa to speed up implementation of the 2010 World Cup stadium construction and real estate development hot, the construction industry developed rapidly in the South, but the obsolete equipment, lack of skilled workers, and other issues outstanding. Response to the financial crisis, the South the next three years the government in 2009 announced it would invest 787 billion rand for infrastructure, the construction industry will be further developed. Energy industry base, more advanced technology, the output value of about 15% of GDP in South Africa. The more developed the electric power industry, power generation accounts for all of Africa 2 / 3, of which about 92% of thermal power, the world's one of the lowest tariffs. State-owned enterprises in South Africa Power Company (ESKOM) is the world's seventh largest and the ninth largest electric power production and sales enterprise, dry and cold with the world's largest power station and supply South Africa 95% 60% of all non-electricity. In recent years, lagging behind due to power production and management and other reasons, the national power shortage is serious. Near Cape Town, built in the continent only nuclear power plant - Kubei He (Koebelg) nuclear power plant, power generation capacity 1.844 million kilowatts. In addition, Sasol of South Africa (SASOL) the company's synthetic fuel oil and natural gas, coal, synthetic fuel technology commercialization level of the world leader in the production of liquid fuels in South Africa about the total fuel supply 1 / 4. Mining has a long history, with a complete system of modern mining and smelting of advanced mining technology, the South African economy. In 2008 the output value of about 8% of gross domestic product and directly employed about 52 million. Minerals is an important component of exports in 2008, mineral exports accounted for about 31% of total exports. South Africa is the world's major gold, platinum and chromium producer and exporter. Diamond production accounts for about 9% of the world. De Beers of South Africa (De Beers) is the world's largest diamond production and sales company, the total assets of 20 billion U.S. dollars, its turnover was accounted for 90% of world diamond supply market share, still controls the world trade in rough diamonds, 60 %. Mineral production in 2008 is as follows: 204.9 tons of gold, platinum group metals 276 tons, 9863 tons of chromium (2007), 6807 tons of manganese, iron ore, 49 million tons, coal 197 million tons, 97.2 tons of copper, diamonds 12901 one thousand karats. Agriculture is also in the more developed South Africa's agricultural output value accounted for about 3% of gross domestic product. Arable land area accounts for about 13%, but high-yielding arable land accounts for only 22%. Agriculture, forestry, fisheries employment accounts for about 7% of the population, and its revenue in non-mining exports 15% of export earnings. Agricultural production was significantly affected by climate change. The main crops are: corn, wheat, sugarcane, barley and so on. Highest in the world sugar exports. Agriculture, forestry fishing accounted for 5% of gross domestic product, decreasing the role of the national economy. Agriculture provides 13% of formal employment opportunities. Non-gold export earnings from 30% in the processing of agricultural products or agricultural products. In addition to self-sufficiency in food outside the normal year can also be exported. Main crops are corn. All kinds of canned food, tobacco, alcohol, coffee and beverage quality in line with international standards, the wine in the international reputation. Total land area of tree cover 6%. The more developed animal husbandry, mainly in the western two-thirds of the land. Livestock species including cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, poultry, there are ostrich, chicken and so on. The main products are eggs, beef, milk, dairy products, lamb, pork, sheep wool. 85% of the required self-sufficiency in meat, 15% from Namibia, Botswana, Swaziland and other neighboring countries and Australia, New Zealand and some European countries on imports. Wool yield considerable, is the world's 4th largest exporter of sheep wool. The main crop production as follows (Unit: tons, source: Ministry of Agriculture, South Africa):
2003/2004 2004/2005 2005/2006 2006/2007 2007/2008 9737 11749 6947733913164 corn wheat sugarcane 1,913,211,419,132,031 1687 20 419 Grapes 1762 19095 210,522,027,519,724 1,550,175,718,131,791 1,787,171,919,461,853 Potato 1785 Orange 1325 1,126,124,513,491,410 fisheries aquaculture production accounted for 5% of Africa and the world at 0.03%. South Africa's commercial fishing fleet has 500 vessels of various vessels. There are about 2.8 million people engaged in marine fishing industry. The main types of the mussel fishing, trout, oysters and Cape hake. Annual catch of about 58 million tons, production value of nearly 20 billion rand. In addition, the South African beekeeping annual output of about 20 million rand. South Africa is the world's largest gold producer and exporter of gold, gold exports in 2001 accounted for 11% of total exports in South Africa. But in recent years due to international market prices of gold, platinum group metals have been gradually replaced gold as the most important export commodities. South Africa is the world's major diamond-producing countries, production about the world of 8.7 percent. South Africa's De Beers is the world's largest diamond production and sales company, the total assets of 20 billion U.S. dollars, its turnover was accounted for 90% of world diamond supply market share, still controls the world
South Africa
community 60% of trade in rough diamonds. May 2001 the company was Anglo-American takeover. Tourism Tourism is currently one of the fastest growing industries in South Africa, the output value of about 8% of GDP, employing over 120 people. Rich tourism resources, facilities. More than 700 major hotels, 2,800 more than the size of hotels, guesthouses and more than 10,000 restaurants. .
Republic of South Africa
Linear Mode
