power balance bracelet Appreciation of Yuan blue a

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Yuan blue and white porcelain on the identification of some of the views and ideas

can follow the use of the Yuan Dynasty blue and white porcelain blue and white material were divided into two categories: 1. The use of high iron and low manganese-type nobility to use, or export in West Asia, the amount of very few survive in the world today, their identity is extremely valuable; 2. the use of high manganese cobalt low iron meta-made blue and white porcelain is characterized by small-type, producing rough, painter extensive simple, blue, blue hair color gray, mainly for lower-level officials and private citizens to use, or export Southeast Asia, today survive in the world is very high. Yuan blue and white porcelain current research on the mainstream use of high iron and low manganese-type the highest level of the Yuan Dynasty blue and white porcelain, which is kiln products.

type element in my blue and white porcelain to positive identification of issues, through the formation of long-term research and watch some of my personal views and ideas, summed up the majority of dollars for the blue and white porcelain lovers tasting.

one device type and production process to positive confirmation

blue and white porcelain of the type element more mixed-type size, generally divided into two categories: 1. Li devices, a common bottle of plum, Yu Hu Chun bottles, flower goblet, incense (smoked), straight mouth (ears) bottles (cans), Handicap (ears) bottles (cans), etc.; 2. circular device, commonly a round mouth, flower mouth, the mouth of the various multilateral edge (pupil) bowls, plates, cups and so on. Of course, we have not seen the device type will be a lot, we need to be studied step by step to find and confirm.

Yuan blue and white porcelain and the stand regardless of size, round device, its production process and are based on imprinted forming process (section) the system blank; mud connected group of type; wall Rotate repair billet, cut digging foot. Therefore made device must have two characteristics: 1. Mud then mark the presence of mud wall repair was not raised marks can be seen or touched; wall mud flat, but have taken marks can be seen. 2. Wall forming obvious traces of the existence of imprinted, rather than throwing forming the scene. (Figure 1)

legislation for emerging large-type device to determine the main aspects of research from the forming process. Large vertical control mode are, respectively, with a matching shade of each split hand-printed blank after birth, and then bonded together with mud requirements necessary for the creation of porcelain can be matrix. As long as the mold with the size to take into account the general nature of the mold, you can achieve with a small amount of mold to produce more demand for porcelain-type varieties, which fully comply with clear division of labor at the time of Porcelain, mass production needs. We actually have confirmed published as long as the Yuan blue and white porcelain picture similar comparison,power bands, you will find their corresponding parts have the same points, such as: High Handicap Handicap bottles and bottles (cans) similar to the upper half, lower half different; Handicap high bottles and large similar to the lower half of vase, the upper part different; and so on.

not seen the element in the identification of blue-type, I suggest should be carefully analyzed from two aspects, 1. porcelain forming process method is consistent with the Yuan Dynasty ; 2. porcelain component in the shape of the real thing whether the basic component parts of the Blue & White match. If all found to be consistent with recognized this basic element-type-type of the blue and white.

Second, the appreciation of

porcelain decoration decoration decoration design themes and painting techniques are in line to be Yuan blue and white are the characteristics of type and characteristics. Decoration pattern from top to bottom is divided into single or multi-layer, the decorative patterns to levels of dense but no cumbersome feeling, it is particularly gorgeous harassment. Stroke painting technique is a comfortable, clear and smooth, rocks, flowers, To work beautifully, animals birds form a vivid, highly expressive characters story, Yuan blue and white to full compliance with the painting techniques. In particular the portrayal of characters, a vivid and detailed manner, expressive different, can successfully describe the character and inner emotional spirit,power balance decathlon, painting techniques can be very good figure reflects the artistic style of the Yuan Dynasty. (Figure 2, Figure 3)



three glaze of

aggravation for the blue and white to positive type element to have tired of white jade Run texture, material should be added kaolin porcelain stone Blank mud system can be divided into two categories: 1. Fabrics, is a fine, good plasticity mud. Fill in the imprinted shape, the main use of blank wall in the need to repair or make a small part of the sculpture pieces, the amount small. This is to ensure the appearance of smooth surface; 2. Mixture, one of the China Stone crushing is not complete, to retain a certain amount of fine granular materials, in the reduction in high temperature creep rate of sintering porcelain body, is imprinted when forming the main clay filler material, a large amount. The mixture the presence of fine particulate porcelain stone, ring-foot system in the fetal left blank when the child more holes and loose, repair billet surface is not smooth after shaving pits a lot. The outer surface repair porcelain blank marks clearly visible, but no holes and pits, and sometimes the outer surface of the porcelain glaze can be found the phenomenon of fabric from the skin. This explains the appearance of the surface and other parts of the tires used in mud is not the same. Yuan blue and white porcelain ring foot tread handed down should be the natural signs of wear on the grinding surface is very smooth surface like terrazzo, like grinding a small amount of granulated white gravel. Enough tread on the bottom there should be some exposed brown patches, with a magnifying glass with a metallic luster, indicating aggravation materials containing higher levels of iron; but can also see some shiny pearl bubble, like pearls can be distinguished clearly . These bubbles with the ########## eye is crystal bright spot, Liao if the stars. Glaze junction there is generally a naturally occurring shades of red flint. (Figure 4)

should quintana Shiguang Jie Yuan blue and white porcelain light green translucent white glaze, white glaze, light blue, green glaze layer thicker heavier the product the glaze at the pale green lake. Uniform wall glazing, the glaze was thin. Stroke is very smooth and glazed by hand, but obviously there are ups and downs a sense of three reasons: 1. Is shaped by hand impression of compactness uneven tire blank, the matrix during sintering shrinkage of each part of the expansion of the different The result; 2. is a cobalt blue glaze Taigu infiltration phenomenon was caused by subsidence; 3. cobalt blue coloring slightly more intense flow of the glaze at the phenomenon. Facilities such as the inside is also blue glaze, brush the glaze is uneven rough, missing a lot of the glaze at the larger, inside and outside the glaze will be inconsistent, is not the same as expected due to internal and external child.

four blue and white hair color to positive-type identification

cobalt blue and white blue and white Yuan In addition to thinning hair color was blue blue decoration class, the main screen decorations should be bright gaudy hair color, dark blue gem. Part of the screen may have a slight halo scattered phenomena. Cobalt blue color in the office to be evenly distributed over a strong dark blue underglaze more crystallization point, crystallization point number and is proportional to the concentration of blue and white coloring; color distribution should also be heavy at a small number, small in size , and showed a metallic luster glaze brown iron plate of small patches (points), both commonly known as Both have shown a crystallization point of a very natural Dianran wildly special effects. This should be imported using the Yuan Dynasty, iron and low manganese high (Figure 5)

high iron and low manganese-based metals iron, manganese, cobalt in the crystal structure are based on the form of positive ions, not single oxide, sintered at high temperature will render the formation of the natural distribution of the blue like a black underglaze and glaze crystallization point brown iron plate Such as the cobalt compound in the modern blue and white after adding the composition of iron oxide, iron oxide in the iron can not be integrated into the crystal structure of cobalt ion to form a composite structure is, so will the formation of high temperature sintering of iron oxide glaze If such a man-made dark blue underglaze painting crystallization point, its performance is very rigid and not of a lively, natural rendering or Dianran no effect, the Qing Emperor Kangxi, Yongzheng of the generic blue and white porcelain Ming Xuan Deqing send flowers Color is the case. Yuan blue and white porcelain has not so complete imitation of.

to study and master element cobalt blue glaze and the blue hair color characterization knowledge, they must observe first-hand the real thing Yuan blue and white (or remnants of the whole) to fully understand the true feelings. Comprehensive and detailed in the sunlight to observe the best, no conditions can also go to museums to see, must have patience and perseverance. Do not think that observation of a number of blue and white porcelain pieces Yuan Yuan blue and white to have mastered the cobalt flower hair color overall contrast effect. In addition Jingdezhen blue and white porcelain pieces are mostly meta-meta-firing is not successful legacy of blue and white porcelain, and not a true reflection of Yuan blue and white glaze and blue hair color characteristics, based on the identification results of tiles may be cause some deviation.

V. Yuan blue and white identification on other ideas

1. Yuan blue and white on the identification of experts Questions: blue and white porcelain in the domestic element to positive identification of experts and the same type element to a very rare blue and white porcelain, porcelain identification rely on reason is to be clones of the eyesight, eyesight from the informed, collective wisdom. Yuan blue and white porcelain in the country and the world very small amount of memory, and are scattered in museums or by individual collectors treasure caches, the State Fair system, porcelain expert for the chance to see them not much more Do not say can often see and get started feel, and blue and white porcelain of the Yuan-depth and detailed study of systematic research and identification of individual experts and even less. Most of the national level are not china expert for identification of experts Yuan blue and white porcelain, and some private dollars than the identification of blue and white level of ordinary collectors worse, their daily busy to participate in society, economic benefits, can there be time to study the amount of identification of very few surviving Yuan blue and white. The event identification element to blue and white porcelain, experts in order to maintain authority and responsibility will be to avoid unreasonably determined to be ########, but actually I do not know whom they are, public calamity the country is also wrong! Kam who often get very confused so, these people lack the eye of high school collectors Daoxing strong. I think more than watch, diligent use, in-depth study, extensive exchange is a porcelain expert for the four necessary conditions. Yuan blue and white porcelain expert for blue and white porcelain was informed that on the Yuan, brainstorming, and work hard porcelain experts or collectors. Porcelain identification expert with the element is not a simple blue and white porcelain expert for equated.

2. Identification of elements of blue and white uniform on the element to determine the question: to positive type element to the world of blue and white porcelain in the standard of research and the history of only five years to determine , domestic even shorter. It's only three years of the history of imitation, is the only non-Chinese porcelain Therefore, the identification of its relatively simple, as long as the device based on its type, decoration, glaze and blue hair color and production processes, and several other factors to determine the old and new devices on the line. State the amount of memory but very little in the standard world are in a museum collection or a secret hidden by collectors, experts and collectors have no chance to experience all aspects of its performance and features with elements of foreign countries is unthinkable; publicity Identification discussion of this literature and both are several factors or just repeating the same general theory, so the experts and collectors identify it only in foggy general wandering. This problem has long plagued China Yuan blue and white porcelain is committed to improving the level of identification of experts and collectors have been unable to obtain effective breakthrough. Actually, this is not difficult to resolve, the crux is the institutional issue is whether the Fair management to solve the problem. Porcelain identification is mainly depend on the eye to learn. Such as museums and cultural management, sprang into possession and possession of domestic public, representative of the type element to positive uniform blue and white porcelain together,power balance bracelet, and then organize a blue and white porcelain from the experts, the main element, Yuan blue and white porcelain collector supplemented by the interim study group, the collective research evidence to determine the element blue and white porcelain identification of the main elements and characteristics, the formation of literature, you can type element for future blue and white porcelain China to positive identification of the authoritative guide books, but also to train a number of real dollars blue and white porcelain expert for solving the problem of talent identification.

3. For the porcelains of the experience: first, the Kam, just identified, mainly based on subjective performance of the external porcelain to determine its authenticity and age of clones identified as long as the rich knowledge of ceramics on the line, is the identification of low-level behavior, porcelain value can only be basic of projections; Tour , that is, for tours, mainly based on porcelain inner objective implies to dig its history and quality of products but also have a deep appreciation of people's culture and arts training for the job is a senior Appreciation activities, porcelain can be used for a comprehensive estimate of the value of . Kam is the basis of reward, reward is the sublimation of Kam and enjoy the results of evaluation results can be used as identification of additional higher level of meaning. Second is the collection have a new understanding of the meaning and purpose, the collection is a collection of elegant works of art activities, it is constantly seeking to increase the number of collection and quality improvement, while collectors of personal accomplishment are continually improved. The purpose of collection is the collection of works of art, appreciation and investment, often in works of art in the most profitable investment rather than a connoisseur collector. Finally, through the appreciation of Yuan blue and white porcelain activities, personal knowledge in the porcelain collection of the harvest is rich and be widely, not only identification of aspects of porcelain, as well as geography and history, literature and art and science and technology knowledge.