to habitual thinking. It can be seen in the life and work develop logical thinking how important it is.
4, Parkinson's law of the famous British historian
North Goode Parkinson through long-term research, write a book called In his book, agency personnel explained the reasons for and consequences of inflation: an incompetent officials, there may be three ways, first is the application for resignation, the seat give competent people; the second is for someone who can
7, learned helplessness learned helplessness effects of experimental
earliest Overmyer and West Sigman found later in animal and human studies have been widely discussed. Simply put, many experiments show that trained dogs can cross the barriers or engage in other behavior to avoid the shock the experimenter added to it. However, if the dog was not previously expected (do not know
When
20% ------------------ 80% of people who successfully unsuccessful
20% of people make money with a neck over ------- -80% of the neck of people make money
20% -------------- 80% of positive thinking, negative thinking
20% of people who buy time ---- ------------ 80% of people selling time
20% of people looking for a good employee ---------- 80% of people find a good job
20% -------------- 80% of people dominated by people who dominated
20% of the people to do business ------------- --- 80% of people do things
20% of people value experience -------------- 80% of people attach importance to education
20% of people believe that actions have results ------ 80% of people think that knowledge is power
20% of people how to do it I ------ 80% of the money I want money I have on how to do
20 % of people love to invest 80% of people ---------------- love shopping
20% of people have goals -------------- - 80% of people love Xia Xiang
20% of people searching for answers in the question -------- 80% of the people in answer to find the problem
20% of people in long-term perspective - ---------- 80% of the immediate
20% of people the opportunity -------------- 80% of people missed the opportunity
20% -------------- people plan for the future 80% of people only think of the morning doing
20% today, according to the successful experience of the person to act -------- 80% people according to their own wishes
20% of the people to do simple things ---------- 80% of people do not want to do simple things
20% of people do tomorrow ------ Today 80% of people do things today, tomorrow, who do
20% 80% ------------ How can the people do not do
20% ---------------- 80% of people taking notes Forgetfulness is a good
20% of people affected by the successful people -------- 80% of people affected by the failure of people who state
20% -------------- 80% of people very bad attitude
20% of people believe they will succeed -------------- 80% of the people do not want to change the environment
20% of people will never praise, encourage -------------- 80% of the people will never abusive, criticizing
20% of people will insist -------------- 80% of people would give up
---------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- --------
increase their good behavior, it may be more attention and appreciation, but also can make our learning progress, full of confidence!
generate affection, his desire to eventually make this into a real statue, the two fall in love with.)
educational practice also shows that: if a teacher like some of the students, they will have high expectations, after a period of time, students feel the teachers care, love and encouragement; often positive attitude towards teachers, towards learning and towards own behavior, students more self-esteem,
supra vaider red gold 嫁给肯背你上楼的男人, confidence, self-love, self-induce a kind of product
whether better or more nearly than others. However, the event witnessed the impact from such self-knowledge. For example, on the whole, they are unlikely to know the event than others, the participants in the memory area hair color better or worse.
2, the broken windows effect
psychology there is a phenomenon called the to be broken; a wall, if not cleansed some graffiti, and soon, the walls covered with a mess on, unsightly things
. A very clean place, people would be embarrassed taking out the trash, but once litter on the ground appears, people will not hesitate, and did not feel ashamed. It was very strange phenomenon.
psychologists is the bad in the end.
anything bad, if not stop off at the beginning, the formation of culture, change can get rid of, as if the river bank, a small gap is not timely repair, dams can collapse, causing the loss of millions of times.
disorder is actually the result of crime, New York City in the 80's when the rush is really everywhere, every day not to kill, in broad daylight to be afraid of walking in the street. Not to mention the subway, car dirty, dirty sentence painted everywhere, on the subway, feel insecure. Although I have not been seized,
wholesale tory burch, but professors are people in broad daylight
determined according to test results, but randomly selected. It is based on 8 months later, another intelligence test results showed that, the list of general improvement in student achievement, teachers also gave their good conduct reviews. The real
requirements; these students often worse day by day, and finally reduced to the bad elements of society. Despite some exceptions, but the trend is that, while it also sounded the alarm for teachers.
very uplifting passion, these students often expect teachers to obtain progress. In contrast, teachers who are ignored, discriminated against students from the teacher's discourse over time, manner, facial expressions of teachers felt the to be
board. Also known as short-board effect. A bucket no matter how high, its water storage is highly dependent on where the lowest piece of wood.
--------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -----------------------
lost, runs the risk. This New York City, from the smallest,
cheap real jordans, the easiest place to proceed to break the criminal link of (chain), so this vicious cycle can not continue
people to help dry their work; third appointment of two levels lower than they were when the assistant. This first way is absolutely Zou Bude, because that would lose many rights; second way can not go, because that would be capable of their opponents; seems that only a third way most appropriate. As a result, two mediocre assistant
bucket effect is like a bucket full of water, the same must be flush with each board and no damage, if only in a wooden barrel or a piece of wood missing following a break hole, this barrel can not be filled with water. Is that a bucket can be How much water does not depend on the longest piece of wood, but on the shortest
principle known as bucket or short plate theory,
tory burch shoes Peach Blossom Temple Song, buckets short board management theory, the so-called depends on the highest piece of wood on the sides of casks, but rather depends on the shortest piece on the sides of casks. According to this core content,
reasoning: First, only Tongbi all the boards are high enough, it can be filled with water buckets. Second, as long as the bucket, there are a sufficient height, a bucket of water can not be full.
share his work, he is high above orders, they will not pose a threat to their rights. Since the inability of two assistants, they calling the shots, then two more for his inability to find an assistant. And so on, to form a bloated, overstaffed, wrangling with each other, inefficient leadership system.
8, the witness's memory
witness, in our understanding of where, usually to provide some objective evidence, that his own witness and hear the things people who speak out honestly. However, psychological research shows that the testimony of many witnesses are not very accurate, or that is a personal preference, with personal views and awareness.
witness testimony of their confidence and their testimony can not determine the accuracy of the results of this study is surprising. Mrs fees can be special and psychologist Howard Springs decided that further study conclusions. In order to investigate whether the testimony of witness something special, they will witness memory and the memory of general knowledge into the
selected objects in general knowledge.
and as happened before, Perot fees can be special and Howard Springs also found that the accuracy of the witness recalled, those confident of their answers than those who do not actually have people who do not have confidence greater, but For general knowledge, the situation is not the case, people with high confidence in memories of people who score better than the lack of confidence.
people in the general knowledge about their strengths and weaknesses with self-knowledge. Therefore, tend to modify their test results for the confidence scale. General knowledge is a database, is shared between individuals, it has recognized the correct answer, the subjects can go measure. For example, people will know their own problems in sports
5, halo effect
famous Russian literary giant Pushkin Zengyin role halo effect suffered a great deal. He was fanatically in love with is called Natan Li looks amazing, but with different channel sub-Puhi Jin-Zhi. When the time to write poetry Pushkin read it to her time. She always covered their ears and said
3, diffusion of responsibility effect
1964 年 3 月 13 昼夜 3 时 20 points outside of an apartment in New York before a man named Juno younger than white women between the end of the bar on the way home from work assassination. When she cried out in despair: When
6, Hawthorne effect (Hawthorne effect)
an experimenter effect on psychology. 20-30 years of the 20th century, U.S. researchers in the Chicago Western Electric Company Hawthorne fac
tory's working conditions, social factors and the relationship between production efficiency experimenter effect found in experiments, said Hawthorne effect.
the first phase of the experiment in November 1924 from the beginning of the working conditions and productivity of the relationship between the test group and control group. Increase or control the results regardless of illumination in the experimental group yields are rising, but the same illumination output of the control group also increased. In addition, tests of the wages paid, the coffee break time, daily work
10 - Barrel Theory: Buckets effect
bucket theory: the composition of the board if the length of the missing barrels, then the bucket of water is not determined Sheng was the longest piece of wood, but on that the shortest piece of wood.
10, false share deviation (false consensus bias)
We usually believe that our love is the same with most people. If you like playing computer games, then it may overestimate the number of people like computer games. You will usually overestimate the students to vote on their favorite numbers, overestimate their own prestige in the population and leadership and so on. This overestimation of you with your
38-bit to the window to watch, but no one to rescue her, no one even called the police. This caused a stir in New York society, but also attracted the attention of social psychologists and thinking. It is considered a large number of bystanders neglecting the phenomenon known as diffusion of responsibility effect.
dispersion effect for the formation of liability reasons, psychologists have done a lot of experiments and surveys found that: this phenomenon can not just say that all of the callous, or moral decay of the performance increased. In different occasions, people's acts of assistance there is a difference. When a person in an emergency situation, if only
calm after all, the killer returned to commit a crime. When she yelled, the nearby residents and the light switch, the attackers then fled. When she has nothing to do that, go back to their home upstairs, the killer again appeared before her, to kill her on the stairs. In the process, even though she shouted for help, her neighbor at least
tendency. In short, the halo effect is the interpersonal relationships in a great psychological impact on people with cognitive impairment, we have contacts to try to avoid and overcome the side effects of halo effect.
a person can have his help, he would clearly aware of their responsibilities, provide assistance to the victims. If he refused to help produce feelings of guilt, feelings of guilt, which requires paying a high psychological price. And if the presence of many people, help the responsibility for seeking help from the people to share, resulting in diffusion of responsibility, everyone points
levy, used to promote individual and general, as Mangrenmoxiang as a point on behalf of the face; Second, it is not intrinsically linked to some of the personality or physical characteristics associated with the assertion that such features are bound to have another a characteristic; Third, it definitely said yes to all that bad on all the negative, this is a subjective bias by the absolute domination
dress, habits and find it unacceptable to think that they necessarily good for nothing; some young people a thing about the admiration of friends, you will see everywhere in his lovely, so-called . Halo effect is a sweeping subjective psychological speculation, the error is: First, it is easy to grasp the individual characteristics
energy to solve the main problem to be, focus on major projects.
behaviors and attitudes have the same tendency of the number of features is called Some factors that may affect your share of this false bias strength:
(1) When an external attribution was stronger than the internal attribution;
(2) current behavior or events when a person is very important;
(3) When you are very sure of their point of view,
sneakers air force ones, or believe that the time;
(4) When your status or some kind of normal life and learning be threatened;
(5) When it comes to a positive When the quality or character;
(6) When you and other people as when they are similar.
for the length and number of days per week and other factors, can not see these working conditions, there is a direct impact on production efficiency. The second phase of the trial by the U.S. Mayo led by Harvard professor, focuses on social factors and the relationship between productivity and found that the production efficiency is mainly caused by the experimenter took place in the spirit
experience miraculous results achieved, It is considered by teachers to students the subtle psychological effects, so that teachers expect students to achieve the progress of the phenomenon, known as the called the Pygmalion Effect (Pygmalion of Cyprus in Greek mythology, the king, he was a young girl statue
lines are compared.
they make were shown a short video is about the kidnapping of a girl. The next day, to answer some of the subjects in the content of the video and asked them to tell the degree of confidence in their answer, then do a recognition memory test. Next, use the same method, the content is read from the encyclopedia and the popular
under the note struck a Sap, blind, from the end of his research career, so I talk about Tiger color for many years, not alone to New York. New York city and the city recently raised a lot of reputation, so I am quite surprised that a city has been sinking, can escape from the dead, and to push.
So when I went out to meet, met a criminologist, one immediately to him for advice,
supra price, the original New York City is the last book with the broken window effect in terms of theory, first to improve the criminal environment in which people is not easy crime-Hyde Budao slowly return to order.
Although this approach was criticized as being slow, handcuffed in a row standing on the platform, open to the public declaration of the Government's determination to rectify and found very effective.
police found that people do not really compare the situation in the clean and crime, also found that fare evasion grasp rewarding, because each of those seven had a fare evasion was wanted, there is one in twenty to carry weapons, so Police are willing to grasp fare evasion very seriously, which makes criminals not fare evasion, did not dare go out with weapons, so as not to Debu compensation
09 - twenty-eight Law: Pareto principle
twenty-eight law (Pareto's law): the late 19th early 20th century Italian economist Pareto that in any group of things in only one of the most important a small portion, about 20%, though the majority of the remaining 80%, but it is secondary. About 80% of social wealth is concentrated in the hands of 20%, while 80% of the people only owned
9, Rosenthal Rosenthal effect
American psychologist, who in 1968 conducted a famous experiment. Them to a primary election in the three sixth grade classes of the children making a fuss of the In fact, this list is not
: premature to make a literary star fall. Appears in Pushkin,
Chinese praying God Bless the victims, a beautiful woman is bound to have great wisdom and noble
11 - Matthew: Matthew Effect
Matthew: all be taken from him.
Matthew, referring to the strong stronger and the weak weaker phenomenon, widely used in social psychology, education, finance, and science and other fields. Its name comes from the Bible
balanced way -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
1, bird cage hanging a pretty Logic
cage in the room where the most prominent, a few days, the owner will make one of the following two options: throw away the cage, or buy back on a bird cage. This is the cage logic. The process is simple, imagine you are the owner of the room, as long as people entered the room and saw the cage, it will
, to learn a sense of helplessness.
person who had learned helplessness to become a deep despair and sadness. Therefore, we should study and life in the open their eyes a little and see the real events behind the decision factors, do not make our own despair.
can not help but ask you: II had to choose one of two choices, because it explains more than endless much easier. Cage logical reason is simple: the people most of the time is
20% of the social wealth. This statistical imbalance in the social, economic and life everywhere, this is the twenty-eight law.
twenty-eight rules tell us, do not mean to analyze, process and look at the problem, business and management to seize the vital few; to identify those who can provide a 80% profit, but only 20% of total key customers, to enhance its services to achieve a multiplier effect; business leaders to work seriously on the classification analysis, we must master
character, however, is not the case, a phenomenon known as the halo effect.
the so-called halo effect, that is, interpersonal communication, people who exhibit the characteristics of a particular aspect, cover the other features, resulting in interpersonal cognitive disorders. In daily life, For instance, some disadvantage of the elderly individual young people, or
bear little responsibility, bystander and even that may not even his own sense of a responsibility not to produce an situation. How to break this situation,
nike running shoes sale, which is being studied by psychologists is an important topic.
great change. Participate in the trial of the workers were placed in special labora
tory led by the researchers, their social status has changed, the concerns from all sides, creating a feeling of participating, feel that they are an important part of the company, to allow workers aspects from the social point of view are motivated to promote the production increase.
This effect tells us that when students or their attention or attention by the public, the study and would greatly increase the efficiency of communication. Therefore, in our daily lives with others learn to get along and understand what kind of behavior is accepted by students and teachers and appreciation, and we can only continue to live and study in the growing
come) and can not be controlled by electric shock (such as interruption of electric shock or not does not depend on the dog's behavior), when the dog was the chance to escape electric shock, they become unable to escape. Moreover, the dogs also showed other defects, such as frustration and depression, reduced motivation and so on.
dog show why this situation is due early in the experiment learned a sense of helplessness. That is, they realize that no matter what their own can not control the termination shock. In each experiment, the shock is terminated under the control of the experimenter, and the dog will be aware of their inability to change the outside of the control
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