butterfly effect, the phenomenon of frogs, crocodiles rule, catfish effect, herding, hedgehog rules, watch law, broken windows theory, twenty-eight law, wood tub theory, Matthew, which is something you know?
1, the butterfly effect: the 1970s, an American meteorologist named Lorenz system methodology in the interpretation of ventilation, said the Amazon rain forest a butterfly wings occasionally vibration, maybe two weeks can cause a hurricane in Texas.
butterfly effect is that very small changes in initial conditions continue to amplify after its hereafter status will cause a very big distinction. Some small things can be confusing, and some small things such as amplified by the system, then an organization, a nation is very important, can not be confused.
2, frog phenomenon: a frog into hot water directly into the pot, because of its detrimental responses are very perceptive environment, will quickly jump out the pot outside. If you put a frog into a pot of cold water and slowly heated, the frog will not immediately jump out the pot, the water temperature gradually increased the ultimate result is to be boiled frog is dead, because the water temperature so high that the frog can not stand, it has also late, or that there is no competence to jump out the pot appearance.
frog phenomenon tells us that a number of mutation memorabilia, they often occasion people to alert, and prone to cause people to necrosis but it is in the feel-good case, the gradual deterioration of the actual situation , there is no explicit observation.
3, crocodiles rule: its intent is to imagine that a crocodile bite your feet if you hand to try to break your foot, crocodile will Meanwhile bite your feet and hands. The more you skirmish, it was the more bite. In the event that crocodile bite your feet, your only way is to sacrifice one foot.
example, in the stock mall, crocodiles rule is: when you find yourself trading a departure from the instruction of the mart, must stop now, without anyone tarry, shall not have any luck.
4, catfish effect: In the past, sardines, low survival rate during transmission. After it was found that, if put in a sardine in a catfish, the situation is somewhat improved, the survival rate will be greatly enhanced. This is why it?
Had catfish in to a curious context, will be undoubtedly played a character in stirring; and sardines base in more than a This problem is solved oxygen sardines, and sardines, will not die.
5, herding: sheep where to go, where to go behind the sheep to follow.
herding was first equity investment in a term mainly refers to the subsistence of investors in the transaction process of learning and ######## phenomenon, led them in a definite duration of time trading the same stocks.
6, hedgehogs rule: two somnolent hedgehog, as chilly and owned attach. Because their body can have long thorns, so they left some distance, but can not stand the cold, then get together. After a array of two hedgehog eventually found a appropriate distance: both get each other's warm and will not be fastening.
hedgehog law mainly refers to interpersonal relationships in the
7, watch Law: Law is a watch with a chart, you can know it is a few minutes, and when he has two not being proficient to determine. Two tables and can not tell a more accurate time, so they will watch the people lose confidence in accurate time.
watch law in commerce treatment gives us a very intuitive inspiration, is the same person or an union can not use two different methods, can not set two assorted target, and even each individual can not two people to simultaneously mandate, or will the affair or private loss.
8, broken windows theory: a house if the windows broke, not one to fix, soon separated, other windows will be broken somehow; a wall, whether some graffiti is not cleansed, and soon, the walls covered with a mess, unsightly thing; a very clean place, people are ashamed to taking out the trash, but once on the ground with garbage appears, people will no hesitate to throw, did not feel ashamed.
9, twenty-eight law (Pareto's law): the late 19th early 20th centenary Italian economist Pareto that in any group of asset, the most important only a small portion, about 20%, however a great many the remaining 80%, but it is secondary. About 80% of social wealth is concentrated in the hands of 20%, while 80% of people with only 20% of the social wealth. This statistical imbalance in the social, economic and life everywhere, this is the Pareto rule.
Pareto rule tells us, do not average to analyze, process and see at the issues, business and management to collar the pivotal few; to find out who can provide a 80% profit , but only 20% of the absolute opener clients to promote services to achieve a multiplier effect; business chairmen to work seriously on the category analysis, are the headmaster energy to solve the main problem, focus on major projects.
10, barrel theory: the combination of the embark if the barrel length of lacking, then the bucket including water is not dependent on the longest piece of wood, but depends on the shortest chip of wood.
11, Matthew: Even his all, be taken away. phenomenon.
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1, the logic
bird trap hanging bird trap in a pretty apartment The most emphatic place, a few days, the owner will make one of the emulating two options: dart away the cage, or buy a bird cage on the back. This is the logic cage. The process is uncomplicated, imagine you are the landlord of the room, at the peak of people entered the room and discerned the cage, it will not assist but ask you: reserve off birds. Cage logical reason is simple: most of the period is to take the inertia of calculating. So seen in the life and work develop logical meditative is very important.
2, broken window effect
psychology research on a phenomenon called the patches,
Womens Gucci Flats, separated presently behind the other windows will be broken somehow; a walls, if not cleansed some graffiti, and soon, the walls covered with a muddle, unsightly things. A very clean place, people will be mortified taking out the litter, yet once on the ground with waste appears, people will not hesitate, did not feel ashamed. This is really a very strange phenomenon.
psychologists study is the bad in the end.
anything bad, if I were you stop off at the beginning, the formation of civilization, alteration can get rid, if the creek bank, a small breach is not timely repair, dams can collapse, causing the loss of millions of times.
crime is really the result of disorder, the New York City in the 1980s when the rush is really everywhere, each day do not kill, hiking in the avenue in broad daylight to be afraid of. Mention the metro, car filthy, polluted words plastered everywhere, sitting on the subway, feel insecure. Although I have not been looted, but the instructors have been in broad daylight, struck a note Sap, blind, from the end of his research vocation, so I speak about Tiger color for many years, not unattended to New York. New York city and the metropolis recently heaved a lot of prestige, I am quite startled that a city has been sinking, can escape from the die, to cultivate.
So when I went out to encounter, met a criminologist, immediately to him for advice, the native New York City is the last book with a broken window effect in terms of the theory, first to improve the criminal environment in which it is not easy crime, and then slowly Hyde Budao return to order. Although this reach was
been branded as slow, handcuffed in a row standing on the platform, open to the public assertion of the government's resolve to amend, and found very effective.
police found that people actually do not compare the position in a clean offense, likewise found that grabbing Riders rewarding, because each of those seven had a fare evasion was ambitioned, twenty labels have a carry weapons, so Police are willing to catch evasion quite seriously, which makes murderers not fare evasion, did not challenge go out with weapons to avoid more injury than good, runs the hazard. This New York City, from the smallest, easiest location to start, crashing the crime ring coalition (shackle), so this vicious wheel can not proceed
3, diffusion of duty effect
at 15:20 on March 13, 1964, outside an dormitory in New York before a man named Juno young women than pearly bar at the end of the way home from work between the manslaughter. When she cried in despair: When anything is tranquility, the killer returned to crime. When she wailed, the neighboring dwellers and opened the lights, the attackers then fled. When she has nothing to do, go back to their family upstairs, the killer once again in front of her, kill her on the stairs. In the process, even whereas she shouted for help, her neighbors, at fewest 38 to the window to watch, but no one to liberate her, no one even called the police. This caused a stir in New York society, but also attracted the attention of social psychologists and thinking. It is considered a great number of bystanders disregarding the phenomenon known as diffusion of responsibility effect.
for the diffusion of responsibility effect the formation of the reasons a lot of experimental psychologists and scrutinize results found that: this phenomenon can not just say everyone's unfeeling, or moral decay of the rendition increased. Because on different occasions, acts of favour that people really are different. When a person in an emergency situation, if only he can provide help, he would clearly conscious of their responsibilities, aid to the martyrs. If he refused to generate feelings of crime, feelings of guilt, which requires paying a high psychological amount. If the presence of so many people, the responsibility for seeking help from the people to share, resulting in fragmentation of responsibility, the responsibility of each person to share very few witnesses and even that may not even his own sense of a responsibility not to generate an How to break this situation, this is a psychologist working on an important issue.
4, Parkinson's Law
renowned British historian North Goode Parkinson through long-term research, write a book phoned paperback. In his writing, agent personnel annotated the reasons because and consequences of inflation: an incompetent lawful, may be 3 ways, 1st is the application for resignation, the seat give able folk; second is apt allow a competent person to support their work; third appointment of two levels lower than they were when the acolyte. This first course is absolutely Zou Bude, for namely would lose numerous rights; second way can no go, because that would be able of their antagonists; seems that merely a third way maximum applicable. As a outcome,
Mens Gucci Moccasins, 2 ordinary assistant sharing his go, he is lofty upon orders, they will not pose a threat to their rights. Since the inability of two assistants, they are calling the shots, then two more for his inability to ascertain one assistant. So on, to fashion a bloated, overstaffed, wrangling with each other, inefficient presidency system.
5, the halo effect
famous Russian literary monster Pushkin Zengyin role halo effect underwent a great handle. He was fanatically in love with is called the Natan Li looks prodigious, but with different aisle sub-Puhi Kim Ji. When the time to write verse Pushkin peruse to her time. She always said, clutching his ears: duel death, so a literary star fall prematurely. In Pushkin, a beautiful woman is bound to have great wisdom and magnificent symbol, however, is not the case, a phenomenon known as the halo effect.
so-called halo efficacy, that is, interpersonal communication, people who display the specifics of a particular facet, cover the other features, resulting in interpersonal cognitive disorders. In daily life, For example, some older people to young people's individual failings, or clothes, habits and repulsion, they think they have to have good for naught; some young people a thing about the admiration of friends, you will see him everywhere cute, so-called The halo effect is a sweeping subjective psychological speculation, the mistake is: First, it is cozy to grasp the individual specifics and habits of individual shove and general, as Mangrenmoxiang as a point on benefit of the face; second It is not intrinsically correlated to some individuality or physical specifics related with, the assertion that such features are bound to have other characteristics; Third, it definitely said yes to all, that wrong on entire the negate, which is a utter domination along the tendency of subjective prejudice. In short, the halo effect is the interpersonal relationships in a large psychological clash on people with cognitive impairment,
Gucci Shoes Sale, we have contacts to attempt to avoid and overcome the side effects of the halo effect.
6, Hawthorne effect (Hawthorne effect)
a psychological experimenter effect. 1920s and 1930s, U.S. researchers by the Chicago Western Electric Company Hawthorne factory's working conditions, social factors and relations of product efficiency experimenter effect found in experiments, said the Hawthorne effect.
first period of the experiment in November 1924 from the opening of the working conditions and productivity of the relationship between the test group and control group. Results regardless of increase or control illumination in the experimental group yields are mushrooming, and the same illumination output of the control group also increased. In increase, tests of the wages paid, the coffee break time, the width of daily and newspaper number of days of work and other factors, these conditions can not see a straight impact on production efficiency. The second phase of the trial by the U.S. Mayo led Harvard professor, focuses on social factors and the relationship between production efficiency, and found that production efficiency is mainly caused by the experimenter in the spirit has undergone colossal changes. Participate in the trial of the workers were placed in special studio researchers led by their social conditions changed, been a matter of care, creating a feeling of participating in the trial, that he is an important portion of the enterprise, so operators From a social point of view aspects are stimulated to enhance increased production.
This effect tells us that when students or their attention or care by the public, the study and would greatly mushroom the efficiency of communication. Therefore, in our daily lives to learn to get onward with others, understand what kind of behavior is accepted by students and teachers and appreciation, and we can only live and learn and continually boost their good behavior, it may be more people's attention and gratitude, but also can make our knowledge progress, full of confidence!
7, knowledgeable helplessness learned helplessness effects of tentative
earliest Ofer Kashmir and Xili Krugman found after in beast and person studies have been warmhearted argued. Simply put, many experiments show that exercised dogs can across the barriers or engage in other behavior to avoid the shock the experimenter joined to it. However, if the dogs are not expected (do not understand when to come) and can not be controlled by cordless shock (such as interruption of cordless shock or not does not depend on the dog's behavior), when the dog was a accident to escape electric shock, they convert was unable to escape. Moreover, the dogs also showed other failings, such as frustration and depression, diluted motivation and so on.
dog show why this situation is due early in the experiment learned a sense of helplessness. In other words, they recognize that no matter what their own can not control the termination shock. In each experiment, the shock is aborted under the control of the experimenter, and the dog will recognize their inability to change the external control, to learn a sense of helplessness.
person who had learned helplessness, has become a deep despair and woe. Therefore, we should study and life in their eyes open a tiny and see the real events backward the determinants do not make our own despair.
8,
Gucci Shoes UK, the witness's memory
witness, in our understanding of where, normally to invest some objective certify, that is his own spectator, pro ears listen what people who speak out honestly. However, psychological research shows that the proof of many witnesses are not very precise, or that is a personal preference, with personal outlooks and awareness.
witness testimony of their confidence and their testimony can not determine the accuracy of the results of this study is surprising. Mrs fees can be special and psychologist Howard Springs resolved to make this conclusion more in-depth research. In order to investigate whether the testimony of witness something special,
Womens Gucci Sandals, they will witness's memory and the memory of general knowledge were compared.
they allow to be shown a short movie is approximately the kidnapping of a girl. The next daytime, to question some of the content of the video in answer, and asked them to tell their own level of trust to question, then do a recognition memory test. Next, using the same usage, the content of renowned literature from the encyclopedia and general wisdom of selected issues.
and the same occurred ahead, Perot fees can be special and Howard Springs also found that the precision of the witness on the memories of those confident of their answers were in fact no better than those who do not have confidence greater, but For general knowledge, the situation is not the case, people with high confidence in memories of people who score better than the absence of confidence.
people in the general knowledge of the strengths and disabilities with self-knowledge. Therefore, tend to adjust their test results for the confidence scale. General knowledge is a database, is shared between individuals, it has recognized the correct answer, subjects can amount themselves. For sample, people will know the issue of if in sports or virtually better than others. However, the event witnessed the impact from such self-knowledge. For sample, on the whole, than others, they are unlikely to know the participants in the memory of the episode in cilia color better or aggravate.
9, Rosenthal Rosenthal effect
American psychologist, who in 1968 conducted a noted experiment. Them to a primary referendum in the three sixth grade classes of babies making a fuss of the In fact, this menu is not determined according to test results, but randomly selected. It is based on Eight months later, comprehension tests and found another on the list of the general improvement in student accomplishment, teachers also gave them good moral behaviour reviews. This experiment has achieved miraculous results, it is thought by teachers to students the subtle psychological effects, so that teachers expect students to achieve the progress of the phenomenon, known as the Pygmalion (Pygmalion was the chief of Cyprus in Greek mythology, he produced the statue of a girl love for his final lust to make this sculpture into a real person, the two catch on).
educational train also shows that: if a teacher like some of the students, they will have high expectations, after a period of time, students feel the teachers care,
Mens Gucci Sneakers, love and encouragement; often a positive attitude towards teachers, towards learning and towards their operations, students become more self-esteem, confidence, self-love, self-induce a positive passion, these students often expect teachers to acquire progress. In compare, teachers who are ignored, distinguished opposition students from the teacher's lecture over time, behavior, facial expressions feel the teacher's requirements; these students often worse day by day, and finally become the bad units of society. Despite some exceptions, but the trend is that, while it also sounded the fear for teachers.
10, false share discrepancy (false consensus bias)
we usually trust that our love is the same with most people. If you like to play calculator games, then it is likely to overestimate the number of people like calculator games. You will usually overestimate the students to vote for their favorite mathematics, overestimate their own group's reputation and leadership, and so on. This overestimation of your behaviors and attitudes have the same preference number of features is called the Some factors that may influence your share of this false bias strength:
(1) When an external attribution was stronger than internal attribution;
(2) the current behavior or events when a person is very important;
(3) When you are very sure of their point of view, or believe that time;
(4) When your status know next to nothing ofme kind of natural life and learning are threatened;
(5) When it comes to some variety of assured qualities or personality;
; (6) When you and other people as when they are alike.