Management Law

The Butterfly Effect
【】 【】 【frog phenomenon catfish crocodile effect of law】 【】 【】 【hedgehog rules herding】 ; Law】 【watch
Broken Window Theory
【】 【】 【twenty-eight Law Matthew barrel theory】 【】 【】 【logic imprison diffusion of responsibility Parkinson's Law effects】 【】
halo effect
【】 【】 【Hawthorne effect of knowledgeable helplessness test witness memory】 【】 【】 【Rosenthal Effect of false sympathy deviation】
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】 【Butterfly Effect Butterfly Effect: 70s of last century, an American meteorologist named Lorenz system theory in the interpretation of the atmosphere, said one of the Amazon rainforest vibration of the butterfly wings sometimes, perhaps two weeks can cause a hurricane in Texas.
the butterfly effect is that the very small changes in initial conditions continued to augment after its future status will cause a very great distinction. Some small things can be confusing, and some small things, such as amplified by the system, then an organization, a country is very important to not confused.
today's business, its fate is also subject to the Consumers increasingly believe that feeling, so the brand expense, shopping environment, the attitude of ... ... the value of these elusive factors will be their choice. So at all times a little attention, we can lightly see that some management practices, sound motifs in their companies will appear in this sentence:
name of customer, the only one not satisfied arrogance so you can mention only 1% of the failure, but for the customers, he gets 100% is not satisfied.
today, enabling enterprises to change the destiny of the The emergence of tournament and other news vehicles, businesses sit and worry-free growing latent of micro-monopoly and open rivalry so that enterprises must consider entire latent elements that influence development.
streamlining, officials laid off, the abolition of welfare housing and other measures to give pile up people away from the traditional security, is followed to decide on their own fate. The composition of organizational and individual emancipation is the result: Who can arrest the good life
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phenomenon】 【
frog frog phenomenon: a frog into hot water instantly into the kettle, because of its disadvantageous responses are very emotional environment, it will quickly bound out the pot outside. If you put a frog into a pot of cold water and slowly heated, the frog will not immediately jump out of the pot, the water temperature gradually increased the final sequel is to be boiled frog died because the water temperature so high that the frog can not stand, it has been too late, or there is no ability to jump out the pot outside.
frog phenomenon tells us that a number of mutation events, they often cause people to attentive, and disposed to cause fatal it is in the feel-good circumstances, the gradual deterioration of the actual situation, there is no clear placard.
detection is this: the survival of our organization and the main threat to society, not from sudden memorabilia but by slow and gradual process and can not detect the formation. It short-sighted, only to see regional, but can not see the big picture, for the sudden change, you can calmly face the large changes occurring noiselessly, but can not detect, and afterward will bring us even more serious damage! ~
Revelation of the second is: the frog, as if all alive entities in our lives, we must look to the future, hard-working in thinking of new problems, eager to learn new knowledge, can not be too with wine, drunk today
The third revelation is: today's society is a knowledge outbreak, the ever-changing, knowledge also need to constantly update, so we should not blindly obsessed with the status quo, complacent, lazy, if this continues, will certainly be eliminated at a times, there will be faced with the risk of unemployment! The fourth
revelation: we do not simply, only the face of sudden danger, to the neglect of that microscopic tiny slow and risky, because the kind of slow and very little small dangerous, is the most horrible!
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crocodile alligator law rule: its ambitious is to assume that a crocodile bite your feet, if you hand to try to break your legs, crocodiles will also bite you feet and hands. The more you struggle, the more to be bitten. In the event crocodile bite your feet, your only way is to mash one foot.
example, in the stock market, crocodiles rule is: when you find yourself trading in the direction away from the market, must swiftly stop, without anybody tarry and shall not have any luck.
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】 【catfish effect

antecedent, sardines cheap survival rate during transportation. After it was found that, if put a catfish in the sardines, the situation is somewhat improved, the survival rate will be greatly enhanced. This is why it?
Had catfish in to a curious environment, will be to the stirring effect; and sardines found in more than a This problem is solved hypoxia sardines, and sardines, will not dead.
When an organization working to achieve a more settled state, often means lower employee motivation, An organization, if there is always a
It is manifested in two aspects, one enterprise to proceed to add new blood to bring those vibrant, quick thinking, a new force of young and even the introduction of workforce management, to those complacent, idle staff and bureaucratic conformist competitive pressure to raise The second is to persist to introduce new technologies, new processes, new equipment, new management notions,PULSERA BLANCE CON ESPANA, so as to empower enterprises to fighting the tide waves in the market, enhance survivability and plasticity.
catfish achieve above the petition, there are catfish in achieve in the application of person resource management,PULSERA CAMUFLAJE CON LOGO XB, presidency activities in the application, specifically including the establishment of a competitive machinery, able of prologue, leading manner alterations and so on. But I muse that catfish effect inquiry and application of distant extra than this. Different outlook of preoccupied, detect and solve the problem is differ.
First, if the representative body catfish leader.
leaders influence others to complete the mission that the individual or collective, in the flat sardine carton, a symbol of sardines to a group of extremely homogeneous team, similar to their capability class absence of innovation and initiative, overstaffing, inefficiency, the entire organization is a bloated state, and the arrival of the leader catfish (or evolved within the sardines catfish), current broom sweeps clean, straighten exercise , normative systems, transformation process, the reasonable allocation of jobs and people, financial,Balance arriesgado, stuff, business has been gradual improvement in the organization, cut down costs, simplify the bloated body, incapable of sardines to be eaten, pedaled away, there are Nengnai sardines have a positive stimulus, 这样 Chengxian thriving scene across the organization, Zai catfish Yulingdaozhe led 下, the plenary organization were organized to the vitality, so that the collective power of more mighty, dominate the mall, to hold mart have a solid foundation.
From this perspective, catfish leaders should have the following characteristics:
1 - doing decisively, resolutely: rapid revelation of diseases where the stagnant organization, and to cut the Gordian knit, immediately and effectively solve the problem.
2 - their words, the lusty style of work: scientific decision-making and to oversee the implementation of decision-making, timely assessment of the effectiveness of policies.
3 - promoting innovative, results-oriented: to subserve innovation, build an atmosphere that encourages innovation, from business processes, job design, staff recruitment and allocation, appraisal and other appearances of amends design and reflects the innovative thinking, creative expression of the profits.
4 - need for achievement, forward-looking vision: a short-and long-term evolution plans and objectives, can foresee the intention of organizational development and human resources and the future of the existing gap, which can mainly identify future artist, tear out shuffle is not suitable for development of the union workers.
5 - System Perspective, defiance to change: the ability to scrutinize the inside and outside the organization system from the system changes in the structure and function, we should not only regard themselves as part of the organization (as opposed to fishermen, who are themselves leadership catfish sardines, fishermen are the leaders), and should see itself as a leader in small systems, can bring the staff to open the situation,PULSERA TRANSPARENTE CON FRANCIA, break the routine, making good benefits.
for leadership in the leadership struggle for the common goal of employee groups, if there are catfish characteristics of the leader, then the way to survive is in motion, to stimulate their energy, at least To synchronize the speed and catfish, and to ensure the same direction (business goals), so as not to be eaten catfish to catch up, or pushed by other sardines last suffocated.
Second, if the catfish on behalf of a member of the team.
then it method that new, strange, different, including different views, different behaviors, different habits, because different, will influence wisdom, a crew needs different personalities, different skills and work experience of different people to combine, if we are all all-staff, then the group produce imaginative, the possibility of producing high performance is minimal. In the focus on team erection, communication to the team today, appropriate to attract catfish to connect the team, will give the team a active working atmosphere, bringing innovation and bring win-win. However, the number of catfish should be controlled, all catfish, then the whole team will be exist, the whole team to foul, so some Japanese companies deem in truth. From this perspective, the team should focus on healthy catfish molecular communication, influence the shape, the other employees deal with the team in the catfish, it should work on the root of their cooperation.
Again, if catfish content of the work on behalf of people in high spirits.
now many companies, organizational framework and job chart is still a subject of a major transformation process, unreasonable, boring, no prospects, monotonous boring job content so that people feel like a tub of sand thronged Like the small fish, not passion, not willing to thinking pile up locations to enhance, resulting in the formation of the collective inertia slowly. If the job enlargement, enrichment catfish effect applied to job design (Jobdesigning), and that the organization's financial contribution is manifest. How restless, passionate work of catfish into the pool of stagnant water in it? This is a complicated learning, it was discussed from the curtate and vertical expansion of the range of work, deepening the work content, for employees to experience the asset of work activities, work experience achievements, so that they reflect the face of challenging and exciting ecology of work excitement and desire; was advocated increased use of staff circulation in the way of talent, so that they work more joy catfish swim; I maintain that the application of these fathom in the meantime also disburse attention to the character of people and job matching, catfish will to do things catfish, sardines, sardines things to do, post in the work only to have the content of catfish also work with the content of sardine, the most important thing is to find staff preferences, look at those work can grant them to produce power and passion catfish, and only later the mate, catfish effects can melodrama its role, or catfish, nevertheless work is set, only to discover that the work of the staff can not be moved, fighting for, then this catfish has become a die fish.
From this perspective, the work of catfish in the content of the work represents the rich, it is full of enthusiasm Zequan Li, challenging job expectations, fresh experience of the other posts and so on. For leaders and human resource managers, whether at work setting catfish work, what level to set in work catfish, will be an organization's tactics.
summary, from a different point of view, the representative of the content of catfish are different, for a practitioner, leadership may be the catfish, then your best efforts to maintain the same direction and organization, Do not swim back, otherwise there is danger of being eaten, always full of passion to the upwards and maybe one day you become a catfish, a group of sardines to catch up the struggle; your colleagues may be catfish, That and his Competition Competition to see who is surging energy greater; your catfish may also be lower, then the incentive to grow under the same time, do not forget to give yourself enrich my knowledge, maintain a strong development momentum, or you have under the hazard of being eaten; your work may also have catfish, it is reasonable arrangements for their own work, prioritize, work catfish swim to the more joy, it is best to stir up work on some level .
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herding herding: sheep where to go, where to go behind the sheep to follow.
herding stock investment was first a term chiefly refers to the investors in the transaction process in knowledge and ######## phenomenon, the same in a certain duration of time trading stocks.
herding theory (The Effect of Sheep Flock)
placed horizontally in front of a mallet in a flock of sheep, the first sheep jumped in the elapse, the second , and a third will follow the jump in the elapse; this time, the withdrawal of the stick, behind the sheep, walked here, and still the same as the sheep in front of ascent jump, antagonism the roadblocks of the stick no longer exist, this is called The Refers to the management of some enterprises in the market behavior of a common phenomenon. It is due to insufficient message and lack of understanding of the market difficult for investors to make reasonable uncertainty about the future expectations, often by observing the behavior of people around the extraction of information, the perennial transmission of this information, Many people will be roughly the same information and mutually reinforcing, resulting in herding.
herd behavior is the field of behavioral finance as a typical phenomenon in the fashion financial theory can not explain. Economics constantly use Sheep is a very strewed organization, ordinarily with the left and right is blind hit, but once there was a sheep to shake, the other will without hesitation herd sheep, completely ignoring the wolf or approach the front may have at a better grass. Therefore, the
the emergence of herding in general a very competitive industry, but also the manufacture has a leader (leader) occupies the main focus, then the entire flock will continue to imitate the leader's every move, the leader where to
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hedgehog hedgehog decree rule: two idle hedgehog, as cold and owned together. May be for their body is long with backbones, so they left some distance, merely tin no stand the chilly, then obtain together. After a frustrating, two hedgehogs has eventually base a suitable distance: either with each additional apt get the other's warm and was not subject to bar.
hedgehog law mainly refers to interpersonal relationships in the
French President Charles de Gaulle is a very people who will use the hedgehog rules. He had a motto: This is also profoundly affected him and advisers, think tanks and their relations staff. In his ten annuals of presidential annuals, he's the Secretariat, General Office and the General Staff and other private consultants and think tanks, no one's working annuals to more than two years. His newly appointed king of staff always say: requirements. This provision is based on two reasons: First, in his view, mobility is natural, while the fixation is not normal. This is subject to the impact of naval practice, since the militia is moving, not always nailed in one place troops. Second, he did not want This indicates that de Gaulle is a major decision on their own thinking and to live the leader, he does not allow the people approximately me never quit. Only to mobilize in order to maintain a certain distance, and only maintain a certain distance in order to ensure consultants and staff with fresh thinking and resolve and full of vitality, it can eliminate the old course of time their use of consultants and staff on behalf of the President and the Government malpractice.
Charles de Gaulle's reach is thought-provoking and admiration. There is no sense of distance, leading policy-making over-reliance on the Secretary or a few people, easy to make interference in domestic happenings think tank personnel, and thus make the name of these people under the guise of leadership, seeking selfish interests, and finally pulled into the water leading cadres, the consequences are very dangerous. Comparing the two, or better to maintain a certain distance.
former president of General Electric Company, Stone note in their work very individually hedgehog theory, especially in the dispose of navel and senior management on even more so. And handling in the workplace issues, Stone never average the care of executives, but in their baby boom, he never inquired for a visitor family manager, never accepted their invitation. It is this distance to preserve one proper management of the commerce to make mutual Zhimakaihua steadily high. And workers to maintain a definite distance, not make you high upon, it will make you and the staff were confused identity. This is 1 of the best managed state. Maintained by a decisive distance to maintain the principle, this principle of equal manipulation for all: both governors jump themselves, but can be jump by workers. Grasp this principle, it mastered the secret of successful management.
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watch watch Law Law: Law is a person watches have a chart, you can know what time it is, and when he has two not creature capable to determine. Two tables and can not tell a person more exact time, so they will watch the people lose trust in accurate time.
watch law in business management gives us a very intuitive inspiration, is the same person or the same organization can not use two different usages, can not set two different goals, and even each individual can not be two people to simultaneously mandate, or will the business or private detriment.
story
monkeys and table a group of monkeys live in the forest, when the sun heaves every daytime they go out foraging, when the sun back to repose, the days flies flat and well-being.
a passenger through the woods, to watch a tree fall on the rocks by apes in the Smart Meng may
do the Monkey King, Hard work pays off,
but When a subordinate to ask the time, After some time, the monkeys were revolted, the But soon, the new Monkey King is also facing
This is the famous More people watch and can not tell time more accurately, but will watch the people lose confidence in accurate time.
watch give us a very intuitive law of inspiration:
for any one thing, can not set two different goals, or they will make a loss ; for a person can not choose between two different values, or his behavior in chaos.
a person can not by two or more people to the command, otherwise the person will know what to do; for a business, is not in the meantime using two different methods of management, otherwise the enterprise will not development. In this regard
AOL and Time Warner merger is a typical failure case. USA Online is a young Internet company, corporate culture accented operational flexibility, fast decision-making, rapid to seize the market necessitate that all the objectives for the service. Time Warner to build long-term process of development emphasizes the integrity of the aisle and innovative corporate civilization.
two companies after the merger, corporate senior management and is not a good solution to the clash of two values, resulting in staff completely confuse the direction of future development of enterprises. Finally, Time Warner and AOL century wedding finished in failure. It also indicates that, to figure out the time, a peregrination time table accurate enough.
select only you think is right
two tables and can not tell a person a more accurate time, but will watch the people lose confidence in the accurate time . You have to do is to select the more reliable one, attempt to calibrate it and use it as your standard, emulate its guidelines.
Nietzsche's famous saying: choose what you love, love your choice However, many people are troubled, they were
or others in the environment also under oppression opposition one chose the way I did not like, and accordingly depressed life. Even if made the subject of attention of the achievements, but also never felt the joy of success.
in real life, we often encounter a similar position. Elective courses such as the two are you are interested in, but teaching time coincidence, and you do not have ample vigor to learn another two courses, this time it is hard to prefer. In the face of two equally good, equally enamored of your boys, you will certainly upset a long time, I do not know how to do a decision.
profession, the situation, no remove champion in the two treatment units, you will go from here? Every crossing in life, we must face the
choice in the face of conflicts, we recommend using The so-called
Psychological research shows that Maybe you can not tell a clear reason, but through psychological senseless, under normal circumstances can make the best decision to encounter the needs of individual psychology. Here that the subconscious, in fact, we often say the first impression.
core philosophy: more choices, more criteria will make people perplexed.
Application Tips: clear goals, without interference; know how to choose, the place is put.
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broken window theory Broken Windows Theory: a house if the windows broke, no one to fix it, repeat it soon, other windows will be broken somehow; a walls, If there are some graffiti has not been cleansed, and soon, on the wall covered with a muddle of things unsightly; a very clean place, people are embarrassed to rubbish, trash on the floor but once there, the people will mm do not hesitate to throw, did not feel ashamed.
Broken Window Theory 1

also called Some people believe that this theory is the 19th-century French economist Frederic Bastiat, as the target of critique and amounted up, saw the famous article, The Hazlitt said that if a child broke the window, people will inevitably lead to replacement of broken window cup, which would make the installation of cup and glass production people began to promote social employment.
Here, savants to illuminate the children's action and the action of the government could have consequences, accordingly completely negating the Keynesian plan of government intervention. The unlock of this misbelief in the flood, put the earthquakes, put the in the campaign, it seems very appropriate.
also called the Broken Windows Theory 2
broken window broken window effect, if only repaired, will lead to more broken windows, and even entire building was demolished. By the American political scientist and criminologist Karen Wilson reconnaissance synopsis of the
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Law】 【twenty-eight

twenty-eight law (Pareto's law): the late 19th early 20th century Italian economist Pareto that in any group of things, the most important only a small part, about 20%, though the majority of the remaining 80%, but it is secondary. About 80% of social wealth is concentrated in the hands of 20%, while 80% of people with only 20% of the social wealth. This statistical imbalance in the social, economy and life everywhere, this is the twenty-eight law.
twenty-eight rules differentiate us, do not mean to diagnose, process and see at the problem, business and management to collar the vital few; to identify those who can cater a 80% profit, the absolute but only 20% of the amount of opener buyers, reinforce services to achieve a multiplier effect; business leaders to work seriously on the assortment analysis, it is necessary to solve the chief effort on key issues, converge on important projects.
20% ------------------ 80% of people who successfully unsuccessful
20% of the people to make money with the neck above the neck -------- 80% less money
20% of people think positive -------------- 80 % of negative thinking
20% buy time to ---------------- the people who sell 80% of the time
; 20% of people looking for a good employee ---------- 80% of people looking for a good job
20% of people dominate the rest ------- ------- 80% dominated by people who do
20% ---------------- 80% of business people to do
20% of people do value experience -------------- 80% of people together magnitude to schooling
20% of people think that deeds have results ------ 80% of people think that knowledge is power
20% of the people I want to how to do it 80% of people have money ------ I money, how do I
20% of people love Investment ---------------- 80% love shopping
20% ---------------- 80% of targeted people love Xia Xiang
20% of people searching for answers in the answer - ------- 80% of the people in answer to find the problem
20% of people in long-term perspective ------------ 80% of the instant
20% of people the chance -------------- 80% of people missed the opportunity
20% of people plan for the future -------------- 80% of people only think of the morning act
20% today, according to the successful experience of the person to act -------- 80% of people according to their own hopes
20% of the people to do simple things ---------- 80% of people do not want to do simple things
; 20% of people do today, tomorrow ------ 80% of people do things today, tomorrow, do
20% of people how to do it ---- -------- 80% of people can not do
20% to 80% of folk catching memoranda ---------------- Forgetfulness is a good
20% of people who were affected by the success of -------- 80% of people affected by the failure of people
20% -------------- people in good shape 80% of people have a bad attitude
20% of people believe they will succeed ------- ------- 80% of the people do not want to change the environment
20% of people will never praise, encourage -------------- 80% never abusive, criticizing
20% of people will insist -------------- 80% of people would give up
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】 【Barrel Theory
bucket theory: the essay of the board if the length of the missing barrels, then the bucket of water is not determined Sheng was the longest piece of wood, and It depends on the shortest piece of wood.
bucket effect is like a bucket full of water, the same must be flush with each embark and no damage,Xtreme Balance, if not in a wooden barrel or a missing block of wood beneath the cavity, this barrel can not be fraught with water. Is that a bucket can be How much water does not depend on the longest chip of wood, but on the shortest chip of wood. Also known as short-board effect. A bucket no matter how high, its water storage is highly dependent on where the lowest piece of wood.
principle known as buckets or short panel theory, buckets short board management theory, the so-called How much water does not depend on the maximum piece of wood on the sides of casks, but rather depends on the shortest piece on the sides of casks. According to this core content, Second, at a time the bucket, there are a sufficient altitude, a bucket of water can not be full.
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Matthew】 【

Matthew: , even he has will be taken from him. fields. Its name comes from the Bible
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logic】 【cage
a beautiful cage hanging in the apartment where the most emphatic, a few days, the employer will make one of the following two options: discard away the cage, or purchase back on a bird cage. This is the cage logic. The process is uncomplicated, imagine you are the owner of the room, at all times people entered the room and saw the cage, they can not help but ask you: kept a bird. Cage logical reason is simple: most of the time people are taking the inertia of thinking. It can be seen in the life and work develop logical thinking how important it is.
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diffusion of duty effect
】 【年 3 月 13
1964 日夜 3 时 20 points outdoor of an suite in New York ahead a male labeled Juno youth women than white bar by the end of the way home from work between manslaughter. When she cried out in despair: When anything is calm, the killer returned to commit a offense. When she wailed, the handy residents and the light switch, the attackers then fled. When she has nothing to do that, go behind to their home upstairs, the killer anew emerged before her, to slay her on the stairs. In the process, even whereas she hurrahed for aid, her neighbors, by fewest 38 to the window to watch, but no one to rescue her, no one even called the police. This caused a stir in New York society, but also preoccupied the attention of social psychologists and thinking. It is considered a great digit of bystanders disregarding the phenomenon known as diffusion of responsibility effect.
dispersion effect for the formation of obligation reasons, psychologists have done a lot of experiments and surveys found that: this phenomenon can not just say that all of the unfeeling, or moral decay of the performance increased. In different occasions, people's acts of alms there is a difference. When a person in an crisis situation, if necessary he can provide help, he would clearly aware of their responsibilities, provide favour to the martyrs. If he refused to help produce feelings of crime, feelings of crime, which requires paying a high psychological amount. And if the presence of many people, help the responsibility for questing help from the people to share, resulting in fragmentation of responsibility, the responsibility of each person to share very few beholders and even that may not even his own sense of a responsibility not to produce a How to break this situation, which is being studied by psychologists is an important heading.
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Parkinson's law】 【
famous British historian
North Goode Parkinson via long-term research, jot a book shrieked In his paperback, agency personnel explained the causes for and consequences of inflation: an incompetent officials, there may be three ways, first is the application for resignation, the seat give able people; the second is to make a competent human to help their work; third assignation of two levels lower than they were while the assistant. This first course is indeed Zou Bude, because that would lose many rights; second course can not go, because that would be capable of their opponents; seems that merely a third access most appropriate. As a result, two mediocre gopher sharing his work, he is high above orders, they will not posture a menace to their rights. Since the inability of two assistants, they profession the shots, then two more for his inability to ascertain an assistant. And so on, to form a bloated, overstaffed, wrangling with each other, inefficient leadership system.
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halo effect
】 【
famous Russian scholastic giant Pushkin Zengyin role halo effect suffered a great deal. He was fanatically in love with is called Natan Li looks amazing, but with different channel sub-Puhi Jin-Zhi. When the time to write poetry Pushkin peruse it to her time. She all covered their ears and said: decease duel, a scholastic monster to fall prematurely. Appears in Pushkin, a beauteous female is bound to have great sagacity and magnificent character, although, is not the case, a phenomenon known as the halo effect.
the so-called halo effect, that is, interpersonal communication, people who display the characteristics of a particular aspect, cover the other traits, resulting in interpersonal cognitive disorders. In journal life, For example, some drawback of the aged individual young people, or dress, habits and find it unacceptable to think that they necessarily good for nothing; some young people a thing almost the affection of friends, you will see him everywhere lovely, actually the so-called Halo effect is a sweeping subjective psychological speculation, the peccadillo is: First, it is easy to clutch the individual characteristics and habits of individual shove and, just like Mangrenmoxiang as a point on benefit of the surface; the second It is not intrinsically linked to some of the personality or physical characteristics associated with the assertion that such functions are bound to have other characteristics; Third, it definitely said yeah to all that bad on all the negate, which is a utter domination by the proclivity of subjective prejudice. In short, the halo effect is the interpersonal relationships in a great psychological clash on people with cognitive impairment, we have contacts to try to avoid and overcome the side effects of halo effect.
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】 【Hawthorne effect a psychological experimenter effect. 20-30 years of the 20th century, U.S. researchers in the Chicago Western Electric Company Hawthorne factory's working conditions, social factors and the relationship between production efficiency experimenter effect found in experiments, said Hawthorne effect.
the first period of the experiment in November 1924 from the beginning of the working conditions and productivity of the relationship between the test group and control group. Increase or control the results regardless of illumination in the experimental group yields are rising, but the same illumination output of the control group also increased. In counting, tests of the wages paid, the coffee break time, the length of daily and weekly number of days of work and other factors, can not see these working conditions, there is a straight impact on creation efficiency. The second phase of the trial by the U.S. Mayo led by Harvard professor, focuses on social factors and the relationship between productivity and found that the production efficiency is mainly caused by the experimenter in the spirit of the great changes have taken place. Participate in the trial of the workmen were placed in special lab researchers led by their social conditions changed, the concerns from all sides, creating a sensibility of participating, feel that they are an important part of the company, so workers aspects from the social point of view are stimulated to promote the production mushroom.
This effect tells us that when students or their attention or attention by the public, the study and would greatly increase the efficiency of communication. Therefore, in our daily lives with others learn to get onward and comprehend what kind of behavior is accepted by students and teachers and gratitude, and we can only live and learn and continually increase their good behavior, it may be more people's attention and gratitude, but also can make our learning progress, full of confidence!
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experimental】 【learned helplessness learned helplessness effect
premier Overmyer and West Sigman found later in animal and human studies have been widely argued. Simply put, many experiments show that exercised dogs can across the barriers or agree in other behavior to avert the shock the experimenter added to it. However, whether the dogs are not expected before (do not know when to come) and can not be controlled by cordless shock (such as interruption of cordless shock or not does not rely on the dog's behavior), when the dog was the contingency to flee cordless shock, they have changed was incapable to escape. Moreover, the dogs also showed other failings, such as frustration and depression, reduced motivation and so on.
dog show why this situation is deserving early in the experiment learned a sense of helplessness. That is, they achieve that no matter what their own can not control the termination shock. In each experiment, the shock is aborted under the control of the experimenter, and the dog will be conscious of their inability to change the external control, to learn a sense of helplessness.
person who had studied helplessness to transform a deep despair and sorrow. Therefore, we ought study and life in the open their eyes that watch the true events after the decision factors do not make our own despair.
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】 【
witness witness's memory, in our understanding of where, usually to provide some objective testify, that his own saw, heard at the outset hand what truthfully people who speak out. However, psychological research shows that the testimony of many witnesses are not very accurate, or that is a personal preference, with private views and awareness.
spectator proof of their confidence and their proof can not determine the precision of the results of this study is startling. Mrs fees can be special and psychologist Howard Springs decided to this conclusion more in-depth study. In order to investigate if the testimony of spectator someone special, they will witness memory and the memories of general knowledge were compared.
they make were shown a short video is about the kidnapping of a girl. The afterward day, to answer some of the subjects in the content of the movie and asked them to tell the degree of confidence in their answer,PULSERA BLANCA CON PORTUGAL, then do a recognition memory test. Next, use the same method, the content of fashionable literature from the encyclopedia and the general knowledge of selected issues.
and as happened before, Perot fees can be special and Howard Springs also found that the accuracy of the witness recalled, those confident of their answers than those who do not really have no confidence people greater, but for general knowledge, the situation is not the case, people with high confidence in memories of people who score better than the lack of confidence.
people in the general knowledge about their strengths and disabilities with self-knowledge. Therefore, tend to adjust their test results for the confidence scale. General knowledge is a database, is shared between individuals, it has recognized the correct answer, the subjects can go measure. For example, people will know thatthe issue of whether in sports or even virtually better than others. However, the event witnessed the impact from such self-knowledge. For example, on the whole, they are unlikely to know the event than others, the participants in the memory place cilia color better or worse.
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Rosenthal Effect】 【

Rosenthal, American psychologist, who in 1968 conducted a prominent experiment. Them to a basic co-optation in the three sixth grade classes of the children making a fuss of the In truth, this list is not determined along to test results, but randomly elected. It is based on 8 months after, variant comprehension test results showed that, the list of general improvement in student finishing, teachers too gave their nice conduct reviews. This experiment has achieved amazing results, It is thought at instructors to students the shrewd psychological effects, so that instructors anticipate students to accomplish the progress of the phenomenon, understood as the Pygmalion (Pygmalion of Cyprus in Greek mythology, the king, he produced a statue of a girl he loved his desire to eventually make this into a real statue, the two care for.)
educational train also shows that: if a teacher like some of the students, they will have high expectations, after a period of time, students feel the teachers care, love and encouragement; often a positive outlook towards teachers towards learning and their behavior towards the students more self-esteem, confidence, self-love, self-induce a kind of positive passion, these students often expect teachers to obtain progress. In contrast, teachers who are ignored, distinguished against students from the teacher's speech over time, means, facial expressions of teachers felt the requirements; these students often worse day by day, and finally reduced to the bad factors of society. Despite some exceptions, but the trend is that, while it also sounded the alarm for teachers.
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deviation】 【false compassion

we usually believe that our love is the same with most people. If you like playing microprocessor games, then it may overestimate the number of people like microcomputer games. You will usually overestimate the students to poll on their preference numbers, overestimate their own reputation in the population and leadership and so on. This overestimation of your behaviors and attitudes you have the same tendency of the number of features is called Some factors that may affect your share of this false bias strength:
(1) When an outer attribution was stronger than the interior attribution;
(2) new behavior or events when a person is very important;
(3) When you are very sure of their point of view, or believe that the time;
(4) When your status hardly everme kind of normal life and learning be intimidated;
(5) When it comes to a affirmative When the quality alternatively role;
(6) When you and other people as when they are alike.