Achang

unique Achang is one of the minorities in Yunnan Province in China, mainly in the Dehong and Lianghe Husa Longchuan County, nine insurance, Song capsule three Achang Township. Luxi County, Koto village fields and the high ridge Yingjiang, Ruili, a small amount of distribution. In addition, the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture Jian Cao Yunlong County, the old state and other places, Baoshan and Tengchong County Longling as well as some live.
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national name Achang ā chāng zú Achang ethnic group aliases: Mindanao Chang According to the 2000 fifth national census, Achang population is 33,936 people, mainly live in the Dehong Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province and Lianghe Longchuan County, Luxi, Yingjiang, Tengchong, and other counties also have Yunlong a small amount of distribution. Achang have their own language, but no text. Achang language belongs to Sino-Tibetan Tibeto-Burman Burman branch is divided into Lianghe, Longchuan, Luxi three dialects. Due to the long and the Han, Dai mixed, most Achang Intercommunication between Chinese and Dai people, learning to use Chinese and Dai. Rich oral literature. History and Jingpo, Han, Dai, Bai and other closely related.

Achang Yunnan Province of China one of the earliest Native peoples. Ancient Chinese historical records of the After the founding of new China, according to the wishes of the nation, collectively referred to as Achang. They live in the hills and mountains Gaoligongshan Mountains, valleys Pingba. This fertile land, mild climate, abundant rainfall, the development of agricultural production Achang good condition. Achang ancient rice that is good at is known. Achang mainly engaged in agriculture. Handicraft is also very well developed, especially good at playing the system long knife known.
Achang women
Qing Wang Fengwen, according to historical records, Generous early development of the After more than a decade earlier generous world, About the 10th century by Dali Wang Duan Feng Gao. At that time the Church of foreign businessmen Achang people farming, agriculture gradually developed. Yuan, Ming set Yunlong state, a large number of Bai and Han people have moved here, Dehong Autonomous Prefecture today and Tengchong area, element that is past, people. Then Sixteen years of Hongwu (1383) led his troops left satisfied that the submission Ming Dynasty. Hongwu years, Han Chinese section of the first Ming Bao Yunlong Chici state paw print to know the state of soil, Achang reduced ruled nation, moved to Devon to the southwest of the territory, gradually lost home. Laza Achang households inhabited by the early Ming Lu Chuan is to comfort the Division. Mid-15th century, the Ming Chuan Lu Zheng Wang Ji, after three, is Longchuan Xuan Fusi. The case of an Lailuo Yi Wang Ji and the packet is the status of the total, were scattered in charge of households, wax removed, a hereditary lords. Achang Han people from the stationed troops stationed in border areas, where paddy cultivation learned, chipped iron technology, and promote the Achang division of agriculture and handicrafts, with the initial development of commodity economy. Qing Ming Dynasty inherited the chieftain system. Sangui the withdrawal area to the Prince family, Year of Emperor Kangxi (1692), waste Yongzheng year (1724), the indoor vault Laza naturalized state jurisdiction. Qianlong period, the South Austin area of ​​Achang chieftain, in addition to pay tribute to Dai feudal lords tax, reduced to eighty percent or more of the farmers near the Han, Dai landlords tenants. At the same time by the feudal lords, landlord of the double exploitation. Republic of China, Yunnan warlords Longchuan, Lianghe Political Bureau and other places construction, the implementation of Grassroots, the founding of the feudal chieftain system until the eve of 500 years of rule Achang years. In addition to fixed-to toast Achang pay an annual Before the founding of new China economy, the feudal lords Achang region is mainly economic, while the feudal landlord economy there is a degree of development, the widespread occurrence of pledge, mortgage and sale of land
Achang girls
to the phenomenon. Many people become Achang near the Han, Dai landlords tenants. In Achang areas, agriculture, handicraft industry is more developed, well-known tobacco users in western Yunnan Laza, exported to Myanmar; Sugar cane, tea and other cash crops, embroidery, knitting and other crafts are also well known. After the founding of new China in 1952, in Achang populated areas in Longchuan County households set up the Prince withdrew Achang autonomous regions (district level). 1953, 1954, and worked in Luxi County High japonica Tin Jiangdong District, Island District Lianghe cover rural and off Zhang C mediated the establishment of three Achang rural townships. From autumn 1955, began peace negotiations in the regions Achang land reform movement, completely abolished the feudal land ownership. Lords, landlords, privileges, mixed school, the same loan sharks, also abolished. Land reform victory, Achang to rid itself of the feudal yoke the people, thereby promoting the development of production. Achang areas in the local industry gradually developed. If the county beam hole opened blacksmith, farm tools, oil, soap, rosin, dyeing and other small factories; households have also been established hunting areas scattered iron factory. People's Government has also helped establish the health and epidemic prevention stations, train a group of medical personnel Achang, eliminated before the founding of the rampant plague, cholera, typhoid and other infectious diseases, effectively ensure the people's health. Culture and education has also been a corresponding development, with highly educated Achang teachers, school-age children have the opportunity to attend school. Sessions of the Chinese Communist Party, agriculture and handicrafts, there has been a new development, such as the excellent Lianghe area cultivated rice varieties, the indoor areas except withdrawal of large areas of wax transformation of farmland, but also to carry out a variety of operations,mexico 66 wholesale, tool based on the original production increased to 50 or so, more than 120 colors, and has been widely welcomed by consumers at home and abroad. Achang song shake culture and art, stories, legends and oral literature is very rich. Popular among the many beautiful legends, such as the long epic hip bone These poems, legends are very simple, vivid and moving. , water, clouds, trees can be into the song; something called There is a Dance to inspire and monkey dancing feet as the most popular. Also rich folk sports, such as swing, horse racing, shooting, knives and martial arts such as dance Achang. Arts and crafts of embroidery, painting, dyeing, carving, silver-production, production of fine. Particularly high level of sculpture, furniture, buildings, shrines such as the above, can be seen carved with a variety of animals and plants. In addition, the architecture, painting, also have a certain ethnic characteristics. Love handed instrument - flute
gourd gourd flute
Achang bamboo instruments are piano, vertical bamboo flute, gourd flute, flute in March, copper port string, sanxian, foot drums, gongs and so on. Calabash gourd flute is connected into a three-Genzhu control, it has seven tones, the volume is small, low and mellow tone, usually at night. Made with a bamboo flute in March, there are seven tones, it is the volume of the big, bright sound fine, more during the day. March gourd flute and flute is not only a beloved traditional musical instruments Achang people, or young men and women to express their love teaser media. The slack season, or a variety of festivals every year during assembly, and apart from the usual labor are Achang young romance, good times looking for partner for life. At such young men and wherever, should the flute March Xiecha collar behind the neck, or not at the waist. Either side of the village, Village next to the road or catch the street, as long as the beloved girl meet, they blow sounds of music, communication, please stop for a girl, and then accosted funny came up and asked the girl Yoshina surname. If the girl is not the situation at this time also belongs, but also intends to strangers, they cleverly response. Guys take the hint, offered to send the girl home,Vibram Fivefingers Classic Black Womens Shoes, girl by the And so began the love. When the sun sets, the young boy something to eat dinner, wash the ornaments of a new busy, quietly went to his beloved one's a girl near the blown gourd flute, with a melody to tease her lover out of meet. The girl heard the warm and familiar tunes, distraught, and quickly back to the dressing room. Then an excuse to go out, and Valentine tryst. If the initial visit, the girl's wife or mother will be warm and open the door to greet, please sit down young man into the house Huotang Bian, families have avoided. So boys and girls languishing in relative Huo Tangbian sit, or duet songs or the whispering love words tangled up, until the cock crowing, before finally breaking up. Throughout the ages, I do not know how many A Changqing gourd of magic flute with which led to a beautiful woman, became Qin Jin good. The famous Husa knife, also known as This knife Wood, leather, silver and other raw materials, preparation of the scabbard is also very beautiful. Achang knife length, shape, variety, have produced a knife, life with a knife, long knife used by hunters Body, slaughtered livestock, the dagger used in dozens of varieties. There are other ethnic groups to fight the system for a knife, such as the Tibetan daggers, Jingpo knives. As technology skills, Achang knife who have loved not only the treasures of the nation, but also by the vicinity of the Han, Dai, Jingpo, Lisu, Tibetan, Bai and other ethnic groups alike. Today, Achang the sword out of the Yunnan, sold to Beijing, Tibet, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Heilongjiang and other places, even foreign friends collection. Achang tool to fight the system has more than 600 years of history. According to legend, the Ming army cantonment in the household Laza, some are specifically made weapons, they have a higher forging technology. Later, these craftsmen intermarriage with the local people, the gradual integration of the Achang. Achang who inherited and developed the Ming army's smelting and forging techniques to produce a tool with a variety of national characteristics, and process more and more skills. Division of labor between the smaller villages,cheap timberland classic boots, the Village has its own brand. Spread throughout the region like a household handicraft factory, the Village is its workshop, each known for a product. Tathagata Fu Zhai black long knife, flower blades, and Mountain East Village's waist knife, small knife, serrated sickle Prince Walled sister, the new Village back knife, sheath, etc. Mount the Village. Husa reason why durable knife, first choice of materials stress, and second, a good grasp quenching technology, combined with abrasion of the beautiful appearance, so they used knives to play casual wear look that sharp. Artists to play some of the old system was rigid-flexible knife skills, and even can be bent. Such a long knife, when not in use, can be the same as the belt tied around his waist, took off when necessary, immediately natural extension, the skills a must. Account of religious belief in general Achang Laza region Theravada Buddhist belief, each regular Achang Lianghe areas spirits over the past many letters in each of spring and the autumn harvest festival three times before, In addition, due to the Han influence, but also worship their ancestors. In addition to the important religious festival holidays, the families of Achang Laza, a year of several large festivals, such as the drive pendulum, kicking Wo Luo, Wui Street Festival, and the epistemic festival, Songkran, into the depression, the depression, etc., and Dai nearby the same. In addition to the Torch Festival, for the yellow list, burning white wood, water the flowers in water, Wo Lo Festival, and other festive activities. Torch Festival and the Waterloo Law of which the larger section of activities and more. 1, Wo Lo Festival held annually the fourth day of the first lunar month to commemorate the legendary ancestor of Achang cover Pa Ma, Ma cover people from harm, for the benefit of future generations of the achievements, when people want to sacrifice the best dishes, and then kill a dog eating dog meat and taro, if the day of worship to catch the python is considered more auspicious. 2, the Torch Festival held in lunar June 24, to pray for good harvest, insecticide Feng disaster, to butcher, slaughtering sacrifices, then set fire to raw pork mixed with cooked rice noodle eating for everyone. After the fire the night swimming around in the village. 3, Songkran and the local Dai, as has been Achang Songkran Songkran period is a good opportunity for young people to mate, then often by a girl ready to string of eight pro-bowl dishes entertain the young man. The number of people to participate in dinner line, we can be seated seated. Young man in the case of people not aware of the chicken head to steal a girl, such as the chicken head was found out the girl, the first person to fine slip, otherwise you will drink fine girl. If the person was caught stealing, not only to be punished, but also made fun of by the girl. Drunk young man according to the price of vegetables will be aware of money in the case of the girl not to give the girl. In addition, Lianghe, Longchuan Achang area has been in the Lunar Calendar used Changxin section, the feast of the day to pull out a bottle to the ground and the most seeds end up in the taro, cut one end double spike of corn, tied on a bamboo stick, placed in the corner, and then Chung new rice cooking, rice bowl of cooked Sheng feed the dog after the first, the last family dinner. Achang young men and women to marry your first wedding the bride's uncle's first sitting, and put a plate of pig brain mixing with the cold dishes, banquet after the uncle to send the bride a treaty with 4.5 kg of pig tail after legs, the meat is called away from home that the bride should never forget the grace of her mother's care. Typical foods are: celery salad mix, frozen, acid (fire + bar) dishes, passed through his hands noodle. Custom clothing apparel Achang simple, simple, beautiful. Men wear more blue, white or black breasted coat, wearing black trousers, trousers short and wide. Hi guys wrapped around a white header, then after marriage, change the black header. Some of the elderly also like to wear a hat.

The total set aside when the young header hit about 40 cm long spike head down on the back of the head. Men go out to go to the market or participate in holiday party, like the hatchback a Women's costumes are age and marital status of the other. Unmarried girls spend more time with the colored buttons down the front dajin or jacket, black trousers, apron outside the system, wearing a black header. Lianghe area girls also like to wear skirts. Married women are generally black buttons down the front in blue shirt and skirts, legs wrapped leggings, like to use a black cloth wrapped around a similar high-peaked cap like Baotou, Baotou is also the top four or five colorful small hydrangea hanging, full of characteristics. Every out the fair, a guest or festivals, the women have to dress up

something. They remove the collection of a variety of jewelry, wear big earrings, flower bracelets, silver necklace hanging in the chest and waist button mounted on a long silver chain ... article ..., at this time Achang women shiny silver body, charisma thousands. When you walk into Achang cottage, you will also find young men and women like Achang on the insert in the header of a blossoming flower ornaments. This blossoming of flowers, not only beautiful, but they also see it as character, integrity, a sign of spiritual purity. Marriage is generally monogamous nuclear family Achang, free love before marriage, was a The past is usually the same surname are not married, but a long time with the Han, Dai and other ethnic marriages are more common. Sheng Xingfu married brothers turn housing system. Widow can remarry, but her husband can not take away the property, maintenance of their children shall belong to her husband. Achang wedding married young men and women, first of all to ask the bride's uncle's first sitting, and put a plate of pig brain mixing with the cold dishes, banquet after the uncle to send the bride a treaty with 4.5 kg of pig tail after legs, the meat is called away from home that the bride should never forget the grace of her mother's care. Sisu Achang live mainly in Yunnan Province in southern China area. Achang mainly engaged in agriculture, famous for the cultivation of rice. Achang living in border areas, the rice-based diet, mixed with potatoes, corn. Made of rice flour is also used Ersi, rice noodles as a staple food. Ersi convenience food, eating just a little hot in boiling water, remove and accompanied by condiments can be eaten. Achang to rice the staple food, rice flour is also commonly made Ersi, rice noodles as a staple food. Ersi convenience food, eating just a little hot in boiling water, remove and accompanied by condiments can be eaten. Achang like to eat taro, while legends of ancient Harvest, kill a dog and eat taro essential. Metropolitan Achang women do tofu, soy flour, used for jelly made of fresh peas. Meat comes mainly from pigs and cattle. Like pork used for fresh pork noodle fire, soon after the pigs slaughtered the pig with a straw or rice straw burning yellow, scrape clean, then chopped mix with vinegar, garlic, peppers and other condiments and eaten with rice noodle. Rice-fish culture is the main source of fish daily, eating fish with fried or more will be fried, cooked with water and acid or steamed pepper and serve. The hot and sour fish, flowers valley (when the fish into the fields sowing songs, the valley to take the fish cooked, said Google spent fish) the most features. Pickled pickles, brine rot, tempeh perennial necessary, every meal a lot. Wine is a perennial Bai people drink, women often drink wine made of glutinous rice, a rich bouquet and sweet; adults and the elderly to drink liquor. Now most will Achang have produced shochu distillation. Achang people like eating sour foods, mainly Suansun, sauerkraut, sour meat, Achang food culture which is a major feature. Acid daily food is essential Achang dishes, is a common food is Suansun acid and acid pickles. Pickled Suansun season in spring and autumn, when the bamboo shoots to issue a tender plant, grows about 30 cm high, can be cut off the roots, stripped bamboo shell, cut bamboo slice or bamboo shoots, placed in pots in Sprinkle with salt, put Huotang Bian, baking a few days, that is a sour, you can with the food with the check. Sour Bamboo Shoots can be eaten alone, but also other fish and vegetables cooked together, and its delicious taste, where the food are all commendable. Vermicelli Achang the pass-through. The burning of raw pork noodle. Practice is to roast the pork into half-cooked on the fire, chop fine cut and dried, cooked with vinegar mix, coupled with broken peanuts, liver, brain, Fen Chang a variety of spices such as garlic, pepper, coriander, bean powder, ginger, rice noodle eating at the time of pinch in the palm, add the meat, mixing with the food, hence the name The noodle soft, smooth, Pellet, sticky hands, mix the meat down, do not sink to the bottom, or floating head, evenly distributed in the rice noodles in delicious, spicy and delicious, unique flavor. Achang eclipse meals, eating acidic foods. Young men and women over there chewing tobacco, betel nut habits, teeth are often dyed black, it has Achang to rice the staple food, rice flour is also commonly made Ersi, rice noodles as a staple food. Ersi convenience food, eating just a little hot in boiling water, remove and accompanied by condiments can be eaten. If covered with stew meat, (fire + bar) of meat, chicken and other ingredients, can be made into all kinds of different Ersi; noodle, like hot food than the same Ersi, but also cold, or a spoonful of hot thin noodle Riga soybean meal (boiled peas surface and hydration), and then refuel pepper, garlic ginger, MSG and other spices, soy sauce made of thin rice noodles, spicy Huanen is Achang regular consumption of snacks after the beginning of summer. Achang like to eat taro, while legends of ancient Harvest, kill a dog and eat taro essential. Metropolitan Achang women do tofu, soy flour, used for jelly made of fresh peas. Meat comes mainly from pigs and cattle. Like pork used for fresh pork rice
fire Achang
line, about pigs slaughtered pig by burning straw or straw to yellow, scrape clean, and then mix with vinegar, chopped garlic, Vermicelli with pepper and other condiments and eat. Rice-fish culture is the main source of fish daily, eating fish with fried or more will be fried, cooked with water and acid or steamed pepper and serve. The hot and sour fish, flowers valley (when the fish into the fields sowing songs, the valley to take the fish cooked, said Google spent fish) the most features. Pickled pickles, brine rot, tempeh perennial necessary, every meal a lot. Wine is a perennial Bai people drink, women often drink wine made of glutinous rice, a rich bouquet and sweet; adults and the elderly to drink liquor. Will now have the majority of Achang shochu distillation production, possession of the urn for the hospitality during a festival and drink. Typical foods are: celery salad mix, frozen, acid (fire + bar) dishes, passed through his hands noodle. Baba and the pass-through is the rice noodle Achang two flavor of food. Baba is the glutinous rice glutinous rice, washed, soaked with water about half a day and fish into the caldron of boiling water into the rice after a meal, put it in the Chung small wooden pestle, you can eat. Baba rice soft and delicate, taste excellent. Baba then share the extra days on banana leaves, while eating cold, or fried or baked, broiled, or burning, are crispy and delicious, it is to eat a hundred tire. salt, MSG, etc., plus soybean meal, stir vinegar sauce made of. Eat, wash hands first noodle in your hand, and then doused with sauce, stirring with chopsticks, to the mouth, a suction by. Pass-noodle delicious, nutritious, easy to digest food for thought. Achang chewing tobacco on the folklore Achang and Wa, Dai and Jingpo, collapse dragon, Deang other nation has the habit of chewing tobacco. According to folklore Achang: Once there was a mother and daughter had each other. Unexpectedly, the daughter had just adults, on the tragic death of his mother, and her daughter crying, overwhelmed with sorrow, she Chafanbusi, her mother cried for three days and three nights grave. On the third day, grave grows a water Lingling Yan Shu, daughter thirsty throat, leaves a pinch to put his mouth to sweet flavored chewing, gloomy look disappeared, fatigue also disappeared. Later, the daughter Whenever I see leaves, missing from the forgotten master, the total pinch points to chew. Partners with great interest to see her chew, chew also followed up. Later, more and more people chewing, chewing tobacco into their dispel fatigue, a good way to leisure boredom, resulting in a hobby, and hospitality. Mourning custom line of earth burial custom. A small number of women suffering from disease or childbirth evil dead, should first and then the coffin for cremation burial. Died Zhaiwai who carried back to camp in bogey. When the body after death burial coffin bogey man, cats, dogs and other animals across. With his lifetime love dead things can be sacrificial victims, but avoid metal band, so the deceased have to knock some teeth. Achang more by the time the funeral After the funeral, taboo move gongs, carrying the funeral rods, or that the dead will Zhaizhong. General line of burial after death, unnatural death must be cremated. Etiquette and taboos: in the first day Achang killing livestock ban and injuries of animals; women have children under the age of 7 days, the man entered hospital other stores taboo.
Achang
Achang bedroom located in the main hall on both sides, the old man living on the left, the other home on the right. Avoid older men married younger people into the bedroom. Unmarried men to live in rooms or rooms upstairs. Women avoid live upstairs; man downstairs, avoid women upstairs. Women's Cross-foot bogey tools tools. Achang hospitality, care for the young, there are many excellent traditional etiquette. When guests come to rest at home, the master served tea to wine, food courteous attendance, such as customers refuse to sit the young generational small can sit side or below the seat; case of toast tea, avoid not courteous to accept. Achang has advised food customs of hospitality, whether it be drinking, not drinking tea, the guests do not accept the taboo; case to persuade rice, regardless of whether it should have been full phase extension Flying holding bowl; hand delivery or pick up and salute, as respectful. Often advised dinner is symbolic, meaning that through intercede to persuade food, and even persuaded to sing folk songs lyric rice, welcomed the guests is the real reason. Achang dissolution of marriage vows,onitsuka tiger asics 66 gold black, vows to be back photos and hair. Avoid burning of photos, hair, hair, or that the photos and burned, the people would be crazy and even serious illness. Achang surname avoid marriage. Have to marry entry custom, door man, the woman with the surname to be renamed. Achang wedding, held in 3 days. In the wedding the bride and groom to respect Ribes by the table, the guests drank a few coins in a cup placed complete. National notes 1950, Achang the liberation of the people. In 1952, Husa Longchuan Achang Autonomous Region established (district level). 1953, 1954, and worked in Luxi County High japonica Tin Jiangdong District, Lianghe cover the C mediated Island Township and village customs Zhang Achang set up three new townships.
Achang girl
Achang lost love songs to listen to the end, then tell the little girl Lang flowers to the girl home, burned fireplace pull the song; sounds small Gemo to be busy girl tell the heart to listen to words. Sister cherry open top, not the Deng Hua for the home; cut the road to the mountain peak was a hundred years it flowers. Layers of wind and waves M: Nu Unforgettable ocean sea lover regret and lovers. Female: layers of wind wave, shake silent lotus flower. M: water lotus water lotus, silently together into one mind. Female: lotus off two wire continuously, people separated from the heart, regardless of sides. Atlas Atlas entry for more extended reading: 1
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